Abstract
We describe an approach to incorporating the physical effects of the absorption of energy by the event horizon of black holes in the scattering amplitudes based post-Minkowskian, point-particle effective description. Absorptive dynamics are incorporated in a model-independent way by coupling the usual point-particle description to an invisible sector of gapless internal degrees-of-freedom. The leading order dynamics of this sector are encoded in the low-energy expansion of a spectral density function obtained by matching an absorption cross section in the ultraviolet description. This information is then recycled using the scattering amplitudes based Kosower-Maybee-O’Connell in-in formalism to calculate the leading absorptive contribution to the impulse and change in rest mass of a Schwarzschild black hole scattering with a second compact body sourcing a massless scalar, electromagnetic or gravitational field. The results obtained are in complete agreement with previous worldline Schwinger-Keldysh calculations and provide an alternative on-shell scattering amplitudes approach to incorporating horizon absorption effects in the gravitational two-body problem.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Leor Barack, Zvi Bern, Enrico Herrmann, Dimitrios Kosmopoulos, Oliver Long and Chia-Hsien Shen for useful discussions and comments on the draft. CRTJ and MR are supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0009937, and gratefully acknowledge the continued support of the Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics. We would also like to acknowledge the hospitality of Nordita during the program Amplifying Gravity at All Scales where part of this work was completed.
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Jones, C.R.T., Ruf, M.S. Absorptive effects and classical black hole scattering. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 15 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2024)015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2024)015