Abstract
In this work we have considered a minimal extension of Standard Model by a local U(1) gauge group in order to accommodate a stable (fermionic) Dark Matter (DM) candidate. We have focussed on parameter regions where DM possesses adequate self-interaction, owing to the presence of a light scalar mediator (the dark Higgs), alleviating some of the tensions in the small-scale structures. We have studied the scenario in the light of a variety of data, mostly from dark matter direct searches, collider searches and flavor physics experiments, with an attempt to constrain the interactions of the standard model (SM) particles with the ones in the Dark Sector (DS). Assuming a small gauge kinetic mixing parameter, we find that for rather heavy DM the most stringent bound on the mixing angle of the Dark Higgs with the SM Higgs boson comes from dark matter direct detection experiments, while for lighter DM, LHC constraints become more relevant. Note that, due to the presence of very light mediators, the effective operator approach to the direct detection is inapplicable here and these constraints have been re-evaluated for our scenario. In addition, we find that the smallness of the relevant portal couplings, as dictated by data, critically suppress the viability of DM production by the standard “freeze-out” mechanism in such simplified scenarios. In particular, the viable DM masses are \( \lesssim \mathcal{O}(2) \) GeV i.e. in the regions where direct detection limits tend to become weak. For heavier DM with large self-interactions, we hence conclude that non-thermal production mechanisms are favored. Lastly, future collider reach of such a simplified scenario has also been studied in detail.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. Bertone, Particle dark matter: observations, models and searches, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. (2010) [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters, arXiv:1807.06209 [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 594 (2016) A13 [arXiv:1502.01589] [INSPIRE].
B. Carr, F. Kuhnel and M. Sandstad, Primordial black holes as dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 083504 [arXiv:1607.06077] [INSPIRE].
S. Clark, B. Dutta, Y. Gao, Y.-Z. Ma and L.E. Strigari, 21 cm limits on decaying dark matter and primordial black holes, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 043006 [arXiv:1803.09390] [INSPIRE].
H. Niikura et al., Microlensing constraints on primordial black holes with the Subaru/HSC Andromeda observation, arXiv:1701.02151 [INSPIRE].
M. Drees and E. Erfani, Running spectral index and formation of primordial black hole in single field inflation models, JCAP 01 (2012) 035 [arXiv:1110.6052] [INSPIRE].
M. Drees and E. Erfani, Running-mass inflation model and primordial black holes, JCAP 04 (2011) 005 [arXiv:1102.2340] [INSPIRE].
G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski and K. Griest, Supersymmetric dark matter, Phys. Rept. 267 (1996) 195 [hep-ph/9506380] [INSPIRE].
G. Bertone, D. Hooper and J. Silk, Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints, Phys. Rept. 405 (2005) 279 [hep-ph/0404175] [INSPIRE].
MAGIC collaboration, Constraining dark matter lifetime with a deep gamma-ray survey of the Perseus galaxy cluster with MAGIC, Phys. Dark Univ. 22 (2018) 38 [arXiv:1806.11063] [INSPIRE].
T. Cohen, K. Murase, N.L. Rodd, B.R. Safdi and Y. Soreq, γ-ray constraints on decaying dark matter and implications for IceCube, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 021102 [arXiv:1612.05638] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, E. Moulin, P. Panci, P.D. Serpico and A. Viana, γ-ray constraints on decaying dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 083506 [arXiv:1205.5283] [INSPIRE].
T.R. Slatyer and C.-L. Wu, General constraints on dark matter decay from the cosmic microwave background, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 023010 [arXiv:1610.06933] [INSPIRE].
R. Kallosh, A.D. Linde, D.A. Linde and L. Susskind, Gravity and global symmetries, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 912 [hep-th/9502069] [INSPIRE].
T. Banks, M. Johnson and A. Shomer, A note on gauge theories coupled to gravity, JHEP 09 (2006) 049 [hep-th/0606277] [INSPIRE].
J. Berger, K. Jedamzik and D.G.E. Walker, Cosmological constraints on decoupled dark photons and dark Higgs, JCAP 11 (2016) 032 [arXiv:1605.07195] [INSPIRE].
Y. Mambrini, S. Profumo and F.S. Queiroz, Dark matter and global symmetries, Phys. Lett. B 760 (2016) 807 [arXiv:1508.06635] [INSPIRE].
X. Chu and B. Dasgupta, Dark radiation alleviates problems with dark matter halos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 161301 [arXiv:1404.6127] [INSPIRE].
P. Ko and T. Nomura, Phenomenology of dark matter in chiral U(1)X dark sector, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 115015 [arXiv:1607.06218] [INSPIRE].
C. Garcia-Cely, A. Ibarra and E. Molinaro, Cosmological and astrophysical signatures of dark matter annihilations into pseudo-Goldstone bosons, JCAP 02 (2014) 032 [arXiv:1312.3578] [INSPIRE].
C. Garcia-Cely, A. Ibarra and E. Molinaro, Dark matter production from Goldstone boson interactions and implications for direct searches and dark radiation, JCAP 11 (2013) 061 [arXiv:1310.6256] [INSPIRE].
N. Okada and O. Seto, Higgs portal dark matter in the minimal gauged U(1)B−L model, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 023507 [arXiv:1002.2525] [INSPIRE].
X.-G. He, G.C. Joshi, H. Lew and R.R. Volkas, Simplest Z ′ model, Phys. Rev. D 44 (1991) 2118 [INSPIRE].
X.G. He, G.C. Joshi, H. Lew and R.R. Volkas, New Z ′ phenomenology, Phys. Rev. D 43 (1991) 22 [INSPIRE].
S. Matsumoto, Y.-L.S. Tsai and P.-Y. Tseng, Light fermionic WIMP dark matter with light scalar mediator, arXiv:1811.03292 [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for associated production of dark matter with a Higgs boson decaying to \( b\overline{b} \) or γγ at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, JHEP 10 (2017) 180 [arXiv:1703.05236] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for dark matter in association with a Higgs boson decaying to b-quarks in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 765 (2017) 11 [arXiv:1609.04572] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for new physics in dijet angular distributions using proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV and constraints on dark matter and other models, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 789 [arXiv:1803.08030] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Dark matter search results from a one ton-year exposure of XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 111302 [arXiv:1805.12562] [INSPIRE].
LUX collaboration, Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 021303 [arXiv:1608.07648] [INSPIRE].
PandaX-II collaboration, Dark matter results from 54-ton-day exposure of PandaX-II experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181302 [arXiv:1708.06917] [INSPIRE].
Fermi-LAT and DES collaborations, Searching for dark matter annihilation in recently discovered milky way satellites with Fermi-LAT, Astrophys. J. 834 (2017) 110 [arXiv:1611.03184] [INSPIRE].
AMS collaboration, Antiproton flux, antiproton-to-proton flux ratio and properties of elementary particle fluxes in primary cosmic rays measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 091103 [INSPIRE].
D.H. Weinberg, J.S. Bullock, F. Governato, R. Kuzio de Naray and A.H.G. Peter, Cold dark matter: controversies on small scales, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 112 (2015) 12249 [arXiv:1306.0913] [INSPIRE].
P. Bull et al., Beyond ΛCDM: problems, solutions and the road ahead, Phys. Dark Univ. 12 (2016) 56 [arXiv:1512.05356] [INSPIRE].
A. Del Popolo and M. Le Delliou, Small scale problems of the ΛCDM model: a short review, Galaxies 5 (2017) 17 [arXiv:1606.07790] [INSPIRE].
B. Moore, Evidence against dissipationless dark matter from observations of galaxy haloes, Nature 370 (1994) 629 [INSPIRE].
R.A. Flores and J.R. Primack, Observational and theoretical constraints on singular dark matter halos, Astrophys. J. 427 (1994) L1 [astro-ph/9402004] [INSPIRE].
M. Boylan-Kolchin, J.S. Bullock and M. Kaplinghat, Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive milky way subhaloes, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 415 (2011) L40 [arXiv:1103.0007] [INSPIRE].
I. Ferrero, M.G. Abadi, J.F. Navarro, L.V. Sales and S. Gurovich, The dark matter halos of dwarf galaxies: a challenge for the ΛCDM paradigm?, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 425 (2012) 2817 [arXiv:1111.6609] [INSPIRE].
S. Garrison-Kimmel, M. Boylan-Kolchin, J.S. Bullock and E.N. Kirby, Too big to fail in the local group, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 444 (2014) 222 [arXiv:1404.5313] [INSPIRE].
E. Papastergis, R. Giovanelli, M.P. Haynes and F. Shankar, Is there a “too big to fail” problem in the field?, Astron. Astrophys. 574 (2015) A113 [arXiv:1407.4665] [INSPIRE].
A.A. Klypin, A.V. Kravtsov, O. Valenzuela and F. Prada, Where are the missing galactic satellites?, Astrophys. J. 522 (1999) 82 [astro-ph/9901240] [INSPIRE].
B. Moore et al., Dark matter substructure within galactic halos, Astrophys. J. 524 (1999) L19 [astro-ph/9907411] [INSPIRE].
E.J. Tollerud, J.S. Bullock, L.E. Strigari and B. Willman, Hundreds of milky way satellites? Luminosity bias in the satellite luminosity function, Astrophys. J. 688 (2008) 277 [arXiv:0806.4381] [INSPIRE].
S. Walsh, B. Willman and H. Jerjen, The invisibles: a detection algorithm to trace the faintest milky way satellites, Astron. J. 137 (2009) 450 [arXiv:0807.3345] [INSPIRE].
D.N. Spergel and P.J. Steinhardt, Observational evidence for selfinteracting cold dark matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 3760 [astro-ph/9909386] [INSPIRE].
R. Dave, D.N. Spergel, P.J. Steinhardt and B.D. Wandelt, Halo properties in cosmological simulations of selfinteracting cold dark matter, Astrophys. J. 547 (2001) 574 [astro-ph/0006218] [INSPIRE].
S. Tulin and H.-B. Yu, Dark matter self-interactions and small scale structure, Phys. Rept. 730 (2018) 1 [arXiv:1705.02358] [INSPIRE].
S. Tulin, H.-B. Yu and K.M. Zurek, Beyond collisionless dark matter: particle physics dynamics for dark matter halo structure, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 115007 [arXiv:1302.3898] [INSPIRE].
M. Rocha et al., Cosmological simulations with self-interacting dark matter I: constant density cores and substructure, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 430 (2013) 81 [arXiv:1208.3025] [INSPIRE].
A.H.G. Peter, M. Rocha, J.S. Bullock and M. Kaplinghat, Cosmological simulations with self-interacting dark matter II: halo shapes vs. observations, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 430 (2013) 105 [arXiv:1208.3026] [INSPIRE].
J. Zavala, M. Vogelsberger and M.G. Walker, Constraining self-interacting dark matter with the milky way’s dwarf spheroidals, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 431 (2013) L20 [arXiv:1211.6426] [INSPIRE].
O.D. Elbert, J.S. Bullock, S. Garrison-Kimmel, M. Rocha, J. Oñorbe and A.H.G. Peter, Core formation in dwarf haloes with self-interacting dark matter: no fine-tuning necessary, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 453 (2015) 29 [arXiv:1412.1477] [INSPIRE].
M. Markevitch et al., Direct constraints on the dark matter self-interaction cross-section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56, Astrophys. J. 606 (2004) 819 [astro-ph/0309303] [INSPIRE].
D. Clowe, A. Gonzalez and M. Markevitch, Weak lensing mass reconstruction of the interacting cluster 1E0657-558: direct evidence for the existence of dark matter, Astrophys. J. 604 (2004) 596 [astro-ph/0312273] [INSPIRE].
S.W. Randall, M. Markevitch, D. Clowe, A.H. Gonzalez and M. Bradac, Constraints on the self-interaction cross-section of dark matter from numerical simulations of the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56, Astrophys. J. 679 (2008) 1173 [arXiv:0704.0261] [INSPIRE].
R. Massey et al., The behaviour of dark matter associated with four bright cluster galaxies in the 10 kpc core of Abell 3827, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 449 (2015) 3393 [arXiv:1504.03388] [INSPIRE].
F. Kahlhoefer, K. Schmidt-Hoberg, J. Kummer and S. Sarkar, On the interpretation of dark matter self-interactions in Abell 3827, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 452 (2015) L54 [arXiv:1504.06576] [INSPIRE].
R. Massey et al., Dark matter dynamics in Abell 3827: new data consistent with standard cold dark matter, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 477 (2018) 669 [arXiv:1708.04245] [INSPIRE].
M. Kaplinghat, S. Tulin and H.-B. Yu, Dark matter halos as particle colliders: unified solution to small-scale structure puzzles from dwarfs to clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 041302 [arXiv:1508.03339] [INSPIRE].
J. Hisano, S. Matsumoto, M.M. Nojiri and O. Saito, Non-perturbative effect on dark matter annihilation and gamma ray signature from galactic center, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 063528 [hep-ph/0412403] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, A. Strumia and M. Tamburini, Cosmology and astrophysics of minimal dark matter, Nucl. Phys. B 787 (2007) 152 [arXiv:0706.4071] [INSPIRE].
N. Arkani-Hamed, D.P. Finkbeiner, T.R. Slatyer and N. Weiner, A theory of dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 015014 [arXiv:0810.0713] [INSPIRE].
J.L. Feng, M. Kaplinghat and H.-B. Yu, Halo shape and relic density exclusions of Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter explanations of cosmic ray excesses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 151301 [arXiv:0911.0422] [INSPIRE].
E.C.G. Stueckelberg, Die Wechselwirkungs Kraefte in der Elektrodynamik und in der Feldtheorie der Kernkraefte (I) (in German), Helv. Phys. Acta 11 (1938) 225 [INSPIRE].
E.C.G. Stueckelberg, Die Wechselwirkungs Kraefte in der Elektrodynamik und in der Feldtheorie der Kernkraefte (II) (in German), Helv. Phys. Acta 11 (1938) 299 [INSPIRE].
E.C. Stueckelberg, Die Wechselwirkungs Kraefte in der Elektrodynamik und in der Feldtheorie der Kernkraefte (III) (in German), Helv. Phys. Acta 11 (1938) 312.
V.I. Ogievetskii and I.V. Polubarinov, A gauge invariant formulation of neutral vector field theory, JETP 14 (1962) 179.
B. Holdom, Two U(1)’s and epsilon charge shifts, Phys. Lett. B 166 (1986) 196 [INSPIRE].
R.M. Fonseca, M. Malinsky, W. Porod and F. Staub, Running soft parameters in SUSY models with multiple U(1) gauge factors, Nucl. Phys. B 854 (2012) 28 [arXiv:1107.2670] [INSPIRE].
B. O’Leary, W. Porod and F. Staub, Mass spectrum of the minimal SUSY B-L model, JHEP 05 (2012) 042 [arXiv:1112.4600] [INSPIRE].
W. Porod, SPheno, a program for calculating supersymmetric spectra, SUSY particle decays and SUSY particle production at e + e − colliders, Comput. Phys. Commun. 153 (2003) 275 [hep-ph/0301101] [INSPIRE].
W. Porod and F. Staub, SPheno 3.1: extensions including flavour, CP-phases and models beyond the MSSM, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 2458 [arXiv:1104.1573] [INSPIRE].
K.S. Babu, C.F. Kolda and J. March-Russell, Implications of generalized Z-Z ′ mixing, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 6788 [hep-ph/9710441] [INSPIRE].
M. Williams, C.P. Burgess, A. Maharana and F. Quevedo, New constraints (and motivations) for Abelian gauge bosons in the MeV-TeV mass range, JHEP 08 (2011) 106 [arXiv:1103.4556] [INSPIRE].
S.A. Khrapak, A.V. Ivlev, G.E. Morfill and S.K. Zhdanov, Scattering in the attractive Yukawa potential in the limit of strong interaction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 225002 [INSPIRE].
S.A. Khrapak, A.V. Ivlev and G.E. Morfill, Momentum transfer in complex plasmas, Phys. Rev. E 70 (2004) 056405.
S. Tulin, H.-B. Yu and K.M. Zurek, Beyond collisionless dark matter: particle physics dynamics for dark matter halo structure, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 115007 [arXiv:1302.3898] [INSPIRE].
M. Vogelsberger, J. Zavala and A. Loeb, Subhaloes in self-interacting galactic dark matter haloes, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 423 (2012) 3740 [arXiv:1201.5892] [INSPIRE].
A. Loeb and N. Weiner, Cores in dwarf galaxies from dark matter with a Yukawa potential, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 171302 [arXiv:1011.6374] [INSPIRE].
G. Mangano and P.D. Serpico, A robust upper limit on N eff from BBN, circa 2011, Phys. Lett. B 701 (2011) 296 [arXiv:1103.1261] [INSPIRE].
R.H. Cyburt, B.D. Fields, K.A. Olive and T.-H. Yeh, Big bang nucleosynthesis: 2015, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88 (2016) 015004 [arXiv:1505.01076] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS and CMS collaborations, Combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 191803 [arXiv:1503.07589] [INSPIRE].
DELPHI collaboration, Searches for neutral Higgs bosons in e + e − collisions from \( \sqrt{s}=191.6 \) GeV to 201.7GeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 23 (2002) 409 [hep-ex/0201022] [INSPIRE].
OPAL collaboration, Decay mode independent searches for new scalar bosons with the OPAL detector at LEP, Eur. Phys. J. C 27 (2003) 311 [hep-ex/0206022] [INSPIRE].
DELPHI collaboration, Search for low mass Higgs bosons produced in Z 0 decays, Z. Phys. C 51 (1991) 25 [INSPIRE].
DELPHI collaboration, Search for light neutral Higgs particles produced in Z 0 decays, Nucl. Phys. B 342 (1990) 1 [INSPIRE].
ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL and LEP Working Group for Higgs Boson Searches collaborations, Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons at LEP, Eur. Phys. J. C 47 (2006) 547 [hep-ex/0602042] [INSPIRE].
J.F. Gunion, S. Dawson, H.E. Haber and G.L. Kane, The Higgs hunter’s guide, vol. 80, Brookhaven Nat. Lab., Upton, NY, U.S.A. (1989) [Front. Phys. 80 (2000) 1] [INSPIRE].
J. Berger, K. Jedamzik and D.G.E. Walker, Cosmological constraints on decoupled dark photons and dark Higgs, JCAP 11 (2016) 032 [arXiv:1605.07195] [INSPIRE].
B. Bhattacherjee, A. Chakraborty and A. Choudhury, Status of the MSSM Higgs sector using global analysis and direct search bounds and future prospects at the High Luminosity LHC, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 093007 [arXiv:1504.04308] [INSPIRE].
R.K. Barman, B. Bhattacherjee, A. Choudhury, D. Chowdhury, J. Lahiri and S. Ray, Current status of MSSM Higgs sector with LHC 13 TeV data, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 134 (2019) 150 [arXiv:1608.02573] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for Higgs boson decays to beyond-the-Standard-Model light bosons in four-lepton events with the ATLAS detector at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, JHEP 06 (2018) 166 [arXiv:1802.03388] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for Higgs boson decays into a pair of light bosons in the bbμμ final state in pp collision at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 790 (2019) 1 [arXiv:1807.00539] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for the Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into two spin-zero particles in the H → aa → 4b channel in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 10 (2018) 031 [arXiv:1806.07355] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, A search for pair production of new light bosons decaying into muons at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, CMS-PAS-HIG-18-003,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland(2018).
CMS collaboration, Search for an exotic decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalars in the final state with two b quarks and two τ leptons in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, Phys. Lett. B 785 (2018) 462 [arXiv:1805.10191] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for an exotic decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalars in the final state of two muons and two τ leptons in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, JHEP 11 (2018) 018 [arXiv:1805.04865] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for light bosons in decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV, JHEP 10 (2017) 076 [arXiv:1701.02032] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for Higgs bosons decaying to aa in the μμτ τ final state in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV with the ATLAS experiment, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 052002 [arXiv:1505.01609] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for new light gauge bosons in Higgs boson decays to four-lepton final states in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 092001 [arXiv:1505.07645] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, A search for pair production of new light bosons decaying into muons, Phys. Lett. B 752 (2016) 146 [arXiv:1506.00424] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for a very light NMSSM Higgs boson produced in decays of the 125 GeV scalar boson and decaying into τ leptons in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV, JHEP 01 (2016) 079 [arXiv:1510.06534] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for Higgs decays to new light bosons in boosted tau final states, CMS-PAS-HIG-14-022, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2015).
CMS collaboration, Search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson to a pair of new light bosons with two muon and two b jets in final states, CMS-PAS-HIG-14-041, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2016).
LHCb collaboration, Search for dark photons produced in 13 TeV pp collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 061801 [arXiv:1710.02867] [INSPIRE].
BaBar collaboration, Search for invisible decays of a dark photon produced in e + e − collisions at BaBar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 131804 [arXiv:1702.03327] [INSPIRE].
KLOE-2 collaboration, Search for a vector gauge boson in φ meson decays with the KLOE detector, Phys. Lett. B 706 (2012) 251 [arXiv:1110.0411] [INSPIRE].
H. Merkel et al., Search at the Mainz microtron for light massive gauge bosons relevant for the muon g − 2 anomaly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 221802 [arXiv:1404.5502] [INSPIRE].
NA64 collaboration, Search for vector mediator of dark matter production in invisible decay mode, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 072002 [arXiv:1710.00971] [INSPIRE].
E.M. Riordan et al., A search for short lived axions in an electron beam dump experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987) 755 [INSPIRE].
A. Bross, M. Crisler, S.H. Pordes, J. Volk, S. Errede and J. Wrbanek, A search for shortlived particles produced in an electron beam dump, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 2942 [INSPIRE].
A. Konaka et al., Search for neutral particles in electron beam dump experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 659 [INSPIRE].
HADES collaboration, Searching a dark photon with HADES, Phys. Lett. B 731 (2014) 265 [arXiv:1311.0216] [INSPIRE].
MiniBooNE collaboration, Dark matter search in a proton beam dump with MiniBooNE, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 221803 [arXiv:1702.02688] [INSPIRE].
J. Balewski et al., The DarkLight experiment: a precision search for new physics at low energies, arXiv:1412.4717 [INSPIRE].
J. Beacham, APEX: A Prime EXperiment at Jefferson Lab, in 8th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs (AXION-WIMP 2012), Chicago, IL, U.S.A. 18-22 July 2012 [arXiv:1301.2581] [INSPIRE].
BNL-E949 collaboration, Study of the decay K + → π+ ν ν in the momentum region 140 < P π < 199 MeV/c, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 092004 [arXiv:0903.0030] [INSPIRE].
CHARM collaboration, Search for axion like particle production in 400 GeV proton-copper interactions, Phys. Lett. B 157 (1985) 458 [INSPIRE].
SuperCDMS collaboration, Search for low-mass weakly interacting massive particles with SuperCDMS, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 241302 [arXiv:1402.7137] [INSPIRE].
LHCb collaboration, Search for hidden-sector bosons in B 0 → K ∗0 μ + μ − decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 161802 [arXiv:1508.04094] [INSPIRE].
Belle collaboration, Measurement of the differential branching fraction and forward-backword asymmetry for B → K (∗) ℓ + ℓ −, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 171801 [arXiv:0904.0770] [INSPIRE].
Belle collaboration, Search for \( B\to {h}^{\left(\ast \right)}\nu \overline{\nu} \) decays at Belle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 221802 [arXiv:0707.0138] [INSPIRE].
SHiP collaboration, Sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to a light scalar particle mixing with the Higgs, CERN-SHiP-NOTE-2017-001, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2017).
T. Flacke, C. Frugiuele, E. Fuchs, R.S. Gupta and G. Perez, Phenomenology of relaxion-Higgs mixing, JHEP 06 (2017) 050 [arXiv:1610.02025] [INSPIRE].
T. Bringmann, F. Kahlhoefer, K. Schmidt-Hoberg and P. Walia, Strong constraints on self-interacting dark matter with light mediators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 141802 [arXiv:1612.00845] [INSPIRE].
T. Bringmann, F. Kahlhoefer, K. Schmidt-Hoberg and P. Walia, Converting nonrelativistic dark matter to radiation, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 023543 [arXiv:1803.03644] [INSPIRE].
M. Kawasaki and T. Moroi, Electromagnetic cascade in the early universe and its application to the big bang nucleosynthesis, Astrophys. J. 452 (1995) 506 [astro-ph/9412055] [INSPIRE].
V. Poulin and P.D. Serpico, Nonuniversal BBN bounds on electromagnetically decaying particles, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 103007 [arXiv:1503.04852] [INSPIRE].
L. Forestell, D.E. Morrissey and G. White, Limits from BBN on light electromagnetic decays, JHEP 01 (2019) 074 [arXiv:1809.01179] [INSPIRE].
A. Fradette, M. Pospelov, J. Pradler and A. Ritz, Cosmological beam dump: constraints on dark scalars mixed with the Higgs boson, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 075004 [arXiv:1812.07585] [INSPIRE].
C. Boehm, P. Fayet and R. Schaeffer, Constraining dark matter candidates from structure formation, Phys. Lett. B 518 (2001) 8 [astro-ph/0012504] [INSPIRE].
A. Loeb and M. Zaldarriaga, The small-scale power spectrum of cold dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 103520 [astro-ph/0504112] [INSPIRE].
T. Bringmann, H.T. Ihle, J. Kersten and P. Walia, Suppressing structure formation at dwarf galaxy scales and below: late kinetic decoupling as a compelling alternative to warm dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 103529 [arXiv:1603.04884] [INSPIRE].
M. Vogelsberger, J. Zavala, F.-Y. Cyr-Racine, C. Pfrommer, T. Bringmann and K. Sigurdson, ETHOS — an effective theory of structure formation: dark matter physics as a possible explanation of the small-scale CDM problems, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 460 (2016) 1399 [arXiv:1512.05349] [INSPIRE].
G. Krnjaic, Probing light thermal dark-matter with a Higgs portal mediator, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 073009 [arXiv:1512.04119] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, First dark matter search results from the XENON1T experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181301 [arXiv:1705.06655] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema and A. Pukhov, MicrOMEGAs: a code for the calculation of dark matter properties in generic models of particle interaction, in The Dark Secrets of the Terascale: proceedings, TASI 2011, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. 6 June-11 July 2011, World Scientific, Singapore (2013), pg. 739 [arXiv:1402.0787] [INSPIRE].
M. Kaplinghat, S. Tulin and H.-B. Yu, Direct detection portals for self-interacting dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 035009 [arXiv:1310.7945] [INSPIRE].
The GAMBIT Dark Matter Workgroup collaboration, DarkBit: a GAMBIT module for computing dark matter observables and likelihoods, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 831 [arXiv:1705.07920] [INSPIRE].
SuperCDMS collaboration, Low-mass dark matter search with CDMSlite, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 022002 [arXiv:1707.01632] [INSPIRE].
CRESST collaboration, Limits on dark matter effective field theory parameters with CRESST-II, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 43 [arXiv:1809.03753] [INSPIRE].
SENSEI collaboration, SENSEI: first direct-detection constraints on sub-GeV dark matter from a surface run, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 061803 [arXiv:1804.00088] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment, Astropart. Phys. 34 (2011) 679 [arXiv:1001.2834] [INSPIRE].
XENON100 collaboration, XENON100 dark matter results from a combination of 477 live days, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 122001 [arXiv:1609.06154] [INSPIRE].
SuperCDMS collaboration, First dark matter constraints from a SuperCDMS single-charge sensitive detector, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 051301 [arXiv:1804.10697] [INSPIRE].
DarkSide collaboration, Low-mass dark matter search with the DarkSide-50 experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 081307 [arXiv:1802.06994] [INSPIRE].
R. Essig, T. Volansky and T.-T. Yu, New constraints and prospects for sub-GeV dark matter scattering off electrons in xenon, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 043017 [arXiv:1703.00910] [INSPIRE].
J. Billard, L. Strigari and E. Figueroa-Feliciano, Implication of neutrino backgrounds on the reach of next generation dark matter direct detection experiments, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 023524 [arXiv:1307.5458] [INSPIRE].
A. Fradette and M. Pospelov, BBN for the LHC: constraints on lifetimes of the Higgs portal scalars, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 075033 [arXiv:1706.01920] [INSPIRE].
M. D’Onofrio and K. Rummukainen, Standard Model cross-over on the lattice, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 025003 [arXiv:1508.07161] [INSPIRE].
M. D’Onofrio, K. Rummukainen and A. Tranberg, Sphaleron rate in the minimal Standard Model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 141602 [arXiv:1404.3565] [INSPIRE].
J. Schieck et al., Direct dark matter search with the CRESST II experiment, PoS(ICHEP2016)217 (2016) [arXiv:1611.02113] [INSPIRE].
SuperCDMS collaboration, New results from the search for low-mass weakly interacting massive particles with the CDMS low ionization threshold experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 (2016) 071301 [arXiv:1509.02448] [INSPIRE].
D.M. Asner et al., ILC Higgs white paper, in Proceedings, 2013 Community Summer Study on the Future of U.S. Particle Physics: Snowmass on the Mississippi (CSS2013), Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A. 29 July-6 August 2013 [arXiv:1310.0763] [INSPIRE].
SHiP collaboration, A facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS, arXiv:1504.04956 [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson in the dimuon decay channel in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 121801 [arXiv:1206.6326] [INSPIRE].
M. Lisanti and J.G. Wacker, Discovering the Higgs with low mass muon pairs, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 115006 [arXiv:0903.1377] [INSPIRE].
B. Bhattacherjee, S. Matsumoto, S. Mukhopadhyay and M.M. Nojiri, Phenomenology of light fermionic asymmetric dark matter, JHEP 10 (2013) 032 [arXiv:1306.5878] [INSPIRE].
M. Carena, T. Han, G.-Y. Huang and C.E.M. Wagner, Higgs signal for h → aa at hadron colliders, JHEP 04 (2008) 092 [arXiv:0712.2466] [INSPIRE].
D. Curtin, R. Essig and Y.-M. Zhong, Uncovering light scalars with exotic Higgs decays to \( b\overline{b}\mu +\mu - \), JHEP 06 (2015) 025 [arXiv:1412.4779] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand, L. Lönnblad and S. Mrenna, PYTHIA 6.2: physics and manual, hep-ph/0108264 [INSPIRE].
D. de Florian and J. Mazzitelli, Higgs boson pair production at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 201801 [arXiv:1309.6594] [INSPIRE].
D. de Florian and J. Mazzitelli, Higgs pair production at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy at the LHC, JHEP 09 (2015) 053 [arXiv:1505.07122] [INSPIRE].
LHC Higgs cross section HH sub-group webpage, https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCPhysics/LHCHXSWGHH.
HLT dimuon invariant mass distributions in 2017 and 2018 (CMS DP-2018/055) webpage, https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMSPublic/HLTDiMuon2017and2018.
CMS collaboration, Data scouting & parking in CMS: its potential to search for LLP, in fourth workshop of the LHC LLP community, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2018).
D. Curtin, R. Essig, S. Gori and J. Shelton, Illuminating dark photons with high-energy colliders, JHEP 02 (2015) 157 [arXiv:1412.0018] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, X. Chu, C. Garcia-Cely, T. Hambye and B. Zaldivar, Production regimes for self-interacting dark matter, JCAP 03 (2016) 018 [arXiv:1510.08063] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall, K. Jedamzik, J. March-Russell and S.M. West, Freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter, JHEP 03 (2010) 080 [arXiv:0911.1120] [INSPIRE].
A. Biswas and A. Gupta, Freeze-in production of sterile neutrino dark matter in U(1)B−L model, JCAP 09 (2016) 044 [Addendum ibid. 05 (2017) A01] [arXiv:1607.01469] [INSPIRE].
A. Biswas and A. Gupta, Calculation of momentum distribution function of a non-thermal fermionic dark matter, JCAP 03 (2017) 033 [Addendum ibid. 05 (2017) A02] [arXiv:1612.02793] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, M. Heikinheimo, T. Tenkanen, K. Tuominen and V. Vaskonen, The dawn of FIMP dark matter: a review of models and constraints, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 32 (2017) 1730023 [arXiv:1706.07442].
M. Blennow, E. Fernandez-Martinez and B. Zaldivar, Freeze-in through portals, JCAP 01 (2014) 003 [arXiv:1309.7348] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1811.09195
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Barman, R.K., Bhattacherjee, B., Chatterjee, A. et al. Scope of self-interacting thermal WIMPs in a minimal U(1)D extension and its future prospects. J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 177 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2019)177
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2019)177