Abstract
We propose a model for the QCD axion which is realized through a coupling of the Peccei-Quinn scalar field to magnetically charged fermions at high energies. We show that the axion of this model solves the strong CP problem and then integrate out heavy magnetic monopoles using the Schwinger proper time method. We find that the model discussed yields axion couplings to the Standard Model which are drastically different from the ones calculated within the KSVZ/DFSZ-type models, so that large part of the corresponding parameter space can be probed by various projected experiments. Moreover, the axion we introduce is consistent with the astrophysical hints suggested both by anomalous TeV-transparency of the Universe and by excessive cooling of horizontal branch stars in globular clusters. We argue that the leading term for the cosmic axion abundance is not changed compared to the conventional pre-inflationary QCD axion case for axion decay constant fa > 1012 GeV.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
nEDM collaboration, Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 081803 [arXiv:2001.11966] [INSPIRE].
R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (1977) 1440 [INSPIRE].
R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, Constraints Imposed by CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. D 16 (1977) 1791 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, A New Light Boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 223 [INSPIRE].
F. Wilczek, Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 279 [INSPIRE].
J. Preskill, M. B. Wise and F. Wilczek, Cosmology of the Invisible Axion, Phys. Lett. B 120 (1983) 127 [INSPIRE].
L. F. Abbott and P. Sikivie, A Cosmological Bound on the Invisible Axion, Phys. Lett. B 120 (1983) 133 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine and W. Fischler, The Not So Harmless Axion, Phys. Lett. B 120 (1983) 137 [INSPIRE].
J. E. Kim, Weak Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (1979) 103 [INSPIRE].
M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein and V. I. Zakharov, Can Confinement Ensure Natural CP Invariance of Strong Interactions?, Nucl. Phys. B 166 (1980) 493 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, W. Fischler and M. Srednicki, A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion, Phys. Lett. B 104 (1981) 199 [INSPIRE].
A. R. Zhitnitsky, On Possible Suppression of the Axion Hadron Interactions (in Russian), Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31 (1980) 260 [Yad. Fiz. 31 (1980) 497] [INSPIRE].
M. Farina, D. Pappadopulo, F. Rompineve and A. Tesi, The photo-philic QCD axion, JHEP 01 (2017) 095 [arXiv:1611.09855] [INSPIRE].
A. Hook, Solving the Hierarchy Problem Discretely, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 261802 [arXiv:1802.10093] [INSPIRE].
L. Di Luzio, B. Gavela, P. Quilez and A. Ringwald, An even lighter QCD axion, JHEP 05 (2021) 184 [arXiv:2102.00012] [INSPIRE].
A. Ayala, I. Domínguez, M. Giannotti, A. Mirizzi and O. Straniero, Revisiting the bound on axion-photon coupling from Globular Clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 191302 [arXiv:1406.6053] [INSPIRE].
A. De Angelis, O. Mansutti, M. Persic and M. Roncadelli, Photon propagation and the VHE gamma-ray spectra of blazars: how transparent is really the Universe?, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 394 (2009) L21 [arXiv:0807.4246] [INSPIRE].
D. Horns and M. Meyer, Indications for a pair-production anomaly from the propagation of VHE gamma-rays, JCAP 02 (2012) 033 [arXiv:1201.4711] [INSPIRE].
P. A. M. Dirac, Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field,, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 133 (1931) 60 [INSPIRE].
D. Zwanziger, Local Lagrangian quantum field theory of electric and magnetic charges, Phys. Rev. D 3 (1971) 880 [INSPIRE].
R. A. Brandt, F. Neri and D. Zwanziger, Lorentz Invariance of the Quantum Field Theory of Electric and Magnetic Charge, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 147 [INSPIRE].
R. A. Brandt, F. Neri and D. Zwanziger, Lorentz Invariance From Classical Particle Paths in Quantum Field Theory of Electric and Magnetic Charge, Phys. Rev. D 19 (1979) 1153 [INSPIRE].
V. A. Rubakov, Superheavy Magnetic Monopoles and Proton Decay, JETP Lett. 33 (1981) 644 [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33 (1981) 658] [INSPIRE].
C. G. Callan Jr., Dyon-Fermion Dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 26 (1982) 2058 [INSPIRE].
F. Englert and P. Windey, Quantization Condition for ’t Hooft Monopoles in Compact Simple Lie Groups, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 2728 [INSPIRE].
P. Goddard, J. Nuyts and D. I. Olive, Gauge Theories and Magnetic Charge, Nucl. Phys. B 125 (1977) 1 [INSPIRE].
C. Montonen and D. I. Olive, Magnetic Monopoles as Gauge Particles?, Phys. Lett. B 72 (1977) 117 [INSPIRE].
A. Kapustin and E. Witten, Electric-Magnetic Duality And The Geometric Langlands Program, Commun. Num. Theor. Phys. 1 (2007) 1 [hep-th/0604151] [INSPIRE].
H.-M. Chan, J. Faridani and S.-T. Tsou, A Generalized duality symmetry for nonAbelian Yang-Mills fields, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 7293 [hep-th/9512173] [INSPIRE].
T. T. Wu and C. N. Yang, Concept of Nonintegrable Phase Factors and Global Formulation of Gauge Fields, Phys. Rev. D 12 (1975) 3845 [INSPIRE].
R. A. Brandt and F. Neri, Stability Analysis for Singular Nonabelian Magnetic Monopoles, Nucl. Phys. B 161 (1979) 253 [INSPIRE].
S. R. Coleman, The Magnetic Monopole Fifty Years Later, in proceedings of the Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Physics: Gauge Theories in High Energy Physics, Les Houches, France, 3 August–11 September 1981, pp. 461–552 [HUTP-82-A032] [INSPIRE].
G. ’t Hooft, Topology of the Gauge Condition and New Confinement Phases in Nonabelian Gauge Theories, Nucl. Phys. B 190 (1981) 455 [INSPIRE].
C. Bonati, A. Di Giacomo, L. Lepori and F. Pucci, Monopoles, Abelian projection and gauge invariance, Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 085022 [arXiv:1002.3874] [INSPIRE].
K.-I. Kondo, S. Kato, A. Shibata and T. Shinohara, Quark confinement: Dual superconductor picture based on a non-Abelian Stokes theorem and reformulations of Yang-Mills theory, Phys. Rept. 579 (2015) 1 [arXiv:1409.1599] [INSPIRE].
K. Amemiya and H. Suganuma, Off diagonal gluon mass generation and infrared Abelian dominance in the maximally Abelian gauge in lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 60 (1999) 114509 [hep-lat/9811035] [INSPIRE].
T. Suzuki, K. Ishiguro and V. Bornyakov, New scheme for color confinement and violation of the non-Abelian Bianchi identities, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 034501 [Erratum ibid. 97 (2018) 099905] [arXiv:1712.05941] [INSPIRE].
E. Witten, Dyons of Charge eθ/2π, Phys. Lett. B 86 (1979) 283 [INSPIRE].
C. Vafa and E. Witten, Parity Conservation in QCD, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (1984) 535 [INSPIRE].
J. S. Schwinger, On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization, Phys. Rev. 82 (1951) 664 [INSPIRE].
T. Suzuki and I. Yotsuyanagi, A possible evidence for Abelian dominance in quark confinement, Phys. Rev. D 42 (1990) 4257 [INSPIRE].
J. D. Stack, S. D. Neiman and R. J. Wensley, String tension from monopoles in SU(2) lattice gauge theory, Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 3399 [hep-lat/9404014] [INSPIRE].
L. Di Luzio, M. Giannotti, E. Nardi and L. Visinelli, The landscape of QCD axion models, Phys. Rept. 870 (2020) 1 [arXiv:2003.01100] [INSPIRE].
G. A. Pallathadka et al., Reconciling hints on axion-like-particles from high-energy gamma rays with stellar bounds, arXiv:2008.08100 [INSPIRE].
C. S. Reynolds et al., Astrophysical limits on very light axion-like particles from Chandra grating spectroscopy of NGC 1275, arXiv:1907.05475 [INSPIRE].
K. Nagano, T. Fujita, Y. Michimura and I. Obata, Axion Dark Matter Search with Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 111301 [arXiv:1903.02017] [INSPIRE].
L. Di Luzio, F. Mescia and E. Nardi, Window for preferred axion models, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 075003 [arXiv:1705.05370] [INSPIRE].
A. Deur, S. J. Brodsky and G. F. de Teramond, The QCD Running Coupling, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 90 (2016) 1 [Nucl. Phys. 90 (2016) 1] [arXiv:1604.08082] [INSPIRE].
J. Erlich, E. Katz, D. T. Son and M. A. Stephanov, QCD and a holographic model of hadrons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 261602 [hep-ph/0501128] [INSPIRE].
C. S. Fischer, A. Maas and J. M. Pawlowski, On the infrared behavior of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory, Annals Phys. 324 (2009) 2408 [arXiv:0810.1987] [INSPIRE].
T. Kugo and I. Ojima, Local Covariant Operator Formalism of Nonabelian Gauge Theories and Quark Confinement Problem, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 66 (1979) 1 [INSPIRE].
J. Liao and E. Shuryak, Magnetic Component of Quark-Gluon Plasma is also a Liquid!, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 162302 [arXiv:0804.0255] [INSPIRE].
C. Bonati and M. D’Elia, The Maximal Abelian Gauge in SU(N) gauge theories and thermal monopoles for N = 3, Nucl. Phys. B 877 (2013) 233 [arXiv:1308.0302] [INSPIRE].
S. Chang and K. Choi, Hadronic axion window and the big bang nucleosynthesis, Phys. Lett. B 316 (1993) 51 [hep-ph/9306216] [INSPIRE].
M. Srednicki, Axion Couplings to Matter. 1. CP Conserving Parts, Nucl. Phys. B 260 (1985) 689 [INSPIRE].
CAST collaboration, New CAST Limit on the Axion-Photon Interaction, Nature Phys. 13 (2017) 584 [arXiv:1705.02290] [INSPIRE].
G. Grilli di Cortona, E. Hardy, J. Pardo Vega and G. Villadoro, The QCD axion, precisely, JHEP 01 (2016) 034 [arXiv:1511.02867] [INSPIRE].
M. V. Beznogov, E. Rrapaj, D. Page and S. Reddy, Constraints on Axion-like Particles and Nucleon Pairing in Dense Matter from the Hot Neutron Star in HESS J1731-347, Phys. Rev. C 98 (2018) 035802 [arXiv:1806.07991] [INSPIRE].
D. F. Jackson Kimball et al., Overview of the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr), in Springer Proceedings in Physics 245, Springer, Cham Switzerland (2020), pp. 105–121 [arXiv:1711.08999] [INSPIRE].
C.-Y. Chen and S. Dawson, Exploring Two Higgs Doublet Models Through Higgs Production, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 055016 [arXiv:1301.0309] [INSPIRE].
Y. B. Zeldovich and M. Y. Khlopov, On the Concentration of Relic Magnetic Monopoles in the Universe, Phys. Lett. B 79 (1978) 239 [INSPIRE].
J. Preskill, Cosmological Production of Superheavy Magnetic Monopoles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (1979) 1365 [INSPIRE].
S. Borsányi et al., Calculation of the axion mass based on high-temperature lattice quantum chromodynamics, Nature 539 (2016) 69 [arXiv:1606.07494] [INSPIRE].
R. Bähre et al., Any light particle search II — Technical Design Report, 2013 JINST 8 T09001 [arXiv:1302.5647] [INSPIRE].
BabyIAXO collaboration, Conceptual Design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory, arXiv:2010.12076 [INSPIRE].
E. Armengaud et al., Conceptual Design of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), 2014 JINST 9 T05002 [arXiv:1401.3233] [INSPIRE].
M. Meyer, M. Giannotti, A. Mirizzi, J. Conrad and M. A. Sánchez-Conde, Fermi Large Area Telescope as a Galactic Supernovae Axionscope, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 011103 [arXiv:1609.02350] [INSPIRE].
D. Alesini, D. Babusci, D. Di Gioacchino, C. Gatti, G. Lamanna and C. Ligi, The KLASH Proposal, arXiv:1707.06010 [INSPIRE].
Y. Kahn, B. R. Safdi and J. Thaler, Broadband and Resonant Approaches to Axion Dark Matter Detection, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 141801 [arXiv:1602.01086] [INSPIRE].
G. ’t Hooft, Magnetic Monopoles in Unified Gauge Theories, Nucl. Phys. B 79 (1974) 276 [INSPIRE].
A. M. Polyakov, Particle Spectrum in the Quantum Field Theory, JETP Lett. 20 (1974) 194 [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 20 (1974) 430] [INSPIRE].
A. S. Goldhaber, Spin and Statistics Connection for Charge-Monopole Composites, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36 (1976) 1122 [INSPIRE].
A. M. Polyakov, Gauge Fields as Rings of Glue, Nucl. Phys. B 164 (1980) 171 [INSPIRE].
H.-M. Chan and S. T. Tsou, Gauge Theories in Loop Space, Acta Phys. Polon. B 17 (1986) 259 [INSPIRE].
H.-M. Chan, P. Scharbach and S. T. Tsou, On Loop Space Formulation of Gauge Theories, Annals Phys. 166 (1986) 396 [INSPIRE].
C. Dessert, J. W. Foster and B. R. Safdi, X-ray Searches for Axions from Super Star Clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 261102 [arXiv:2008.03305] [INSPIRE].
A. Payez, C. Evoli, T. Fischer, M. Giannotti, A. Mirizzi and A. Ringwald, Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles, JCAP 02 (2015) 006 [arXiv:1410.3747] [INSPIRE].
M. Libanov and S. Troitsky, On the impact of magnetic-field models in galaxy clusters on constraints on axion-like particles from the lack of irregularities in high-energy spectra of astrophysical sources, Phys. Lett. B 802 (2020) 135252 [arXiv:1908.03084] [INSPIRE].
A. V. Gramolin, D. Aybas, D. Johnson, J. Adam and A. O. Sushkov, Search for axion-like dark matter with ferromagnets, Nature Phys. 17 (2021) 79 [arXiv:2003.03348] [INSPIRE].
N. Crisosto, P. Sikivie, N. S. Sullivan, D. B. Tanner, J. Yang and G. Rybka, ADMX SLIC: Results from a Superconducting LC Circuit Investigating Cold Axions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 241101 [arXiv:1911.05772] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2104.02574
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Sokolov, A.V., Ringwald, A. Photophilic hadronic axion from heavy magnetic monopoles. J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2021)123
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2021)123