Abstract
We show that large gauge transformations modify the structure of momentum conservation leading to non-vanishing three-point amplitudes in a simple toy model of a gravitational wave event. This phenomenon resolves an apparent tension between perturbative scattering amplitude computations and exact methods in field theory. The tension is resolved to all orders of perturbation theory once large gauge effects are included via a modified LSZ prescription; if they are omitted, perturbative methods only recover a subset of terms in the full non-perturbative expression. Although our results are derived in the context of specific examples, several aspects of our work have analogues in dynamical gravitational scattering processes.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Tim Adamo, Julio Parra Martinez, Rodolfo Russo, Chia-Hsien Shen, Mao Zeng. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY-1748958. AE is sponsored by a Higgs Fellowship. DOC is supported by the U.K. Science and Technology Facility Council (STFC) grant ST/P000630/1. AC is supported by the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2020-386). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
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Cristofoli, A., Elkhidir, A., Ilderton, A. et al. Large gauge effects and the structure of amplitudes. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 204 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2023)204
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2023)204