Abstract
The de Sitter constraint on the space of effective scalar field theories consistent with superstring theory provides a lower bound on the slope of the potential of a scalar field which dominates the evolution of the Universe, e.g., a hypothetical inflaton field. Whereas models of single scalar field inflation with a canonically normalized field do not obey this constraint, it has been claimed recently in the literature that models of warm inflation can be made compatible with it in the case of large dissipation. The de Sitter constraint is known to be derived from entropy considerations. Since warm inflation necessary involves entropy production, it becomes necessary to determine how this entropy production will affect the constraints imposed by the swampland conditions. Here, we generalize these entropy considerations to the case of warm inflation and show that the condition on the slope of the potential remains essentially unchanged and is, hence, robust even in the warm inflation dynamics. We are then able to conclude that models of warm inflation indeed can be made consistent with the swampland criteria.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
H. Ooguri and C. Vafa, On the Geometry of the String Landscape and the Swampland, Nucl. Phys. B 766 (2007) 21 [hep-th/0605264] [INSPIRE].
G. Obied, H. Ooguri, L. Spodyneiko and C. Vafa, de Sitter Space and the Swampland, arXiv:1806.08362 [INSPIRE].
T.D. Brennan, F. Carta and C. Vafa, The String Landscape, the Swampland, and the Missing Corner, PoS TASI2017 (2017) 015 [arXiv:1711.00864] [INSPIRE].
E. Palti, The Swampland: Introduction and Review, Fortsch. Phys. 67 (2019) 1900037 [arXiv:1903.06239] [INSPIRE].
S. Laliberte and R. Brandenberger, String Gases and the Swampland, JCAP 07 (2020) 046 [arXiv:1911.00199] [INSPIRE].
R. Brandenberger and C. Vafa, Superstrings in the Early Universe, Nucl. Phys. B 316 (1989) 391 [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal, G. Obied, P.J. Steinhardt and C. Vafa, On the Cosmological Implications of the String Swampland, Phys. Lett. B 784 (2018) 271 [arXiv:1806.09718] [INSPIRE].
L. Heisenberg, M. Bartelmann, R. Brandenberger and A. Refregier, Dark Energy in the Swampland, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 123502 [arXiv:1808.02877] [INSPIRE].
A. Berera, Warm inflation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 3218 [astro-ph/9509049] [INSPIRE].
A. Berera, I.G. Moss and R.O. Ramos, Warm Inflation and its Microphysical Basis, Rept. Prog. Phys. 72 (2009) 026901 [arXiv:0808.1855] [INSPIRE].
M. Bastero-Gil and A. Berera, Warm inflation model building, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24 (2009) 2207 [arXiv:0902.0521] [INSPIRE].
S. Das, Note on single-field inflation and the swampland criteria, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 083510 [arXiv:1809.03962] [INSPIRE].
M. Motaharfar, V. Kamali and R.O. Ramos, Warm inflation as a way out of the swampland, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 063513 [arXiv:1810.02816] [INSPIRE].
S. Das, Distance, de Sitter and Trans-Planckian Censorship conjectures: the status quo of Warm Inflation, Phys. Dark Univ. 27 (2020) 100432 [arXiv:1910.02147] [INSPIRE].
S. Das, Warm Inflation in the light of Swampland Criteria, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 063514 [arXiv:1810.05038] [INSPIRE].
M. Bastero-Gil, A. Berera, R. Hernández-Jiménez and J.G. Rosa, Warm inflation within a supersymmetric distributed mass model, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 103520 [arXiv:1812.07296] [INSPIRE].
V. Kamali, M. Motaharfar and R.O. Ramos, Warm brane inflation with an exponential potential: a consistent realization away from the swampland, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 023535 [arXiv:1910.06796] [INSPIRE].
A. Berera and J.R. Calderón, Trans-Planckian censorship and other swampland bothers addressed in warm inflation, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 123530 [arXiv:1910.10516] [INSPIRE].
V. Kamali, Non-minimal Higgs inflation in the context of warm scenario in the light of Planck data, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 975 [arXiv:1811.10905] [INSPIRE].
V. Kamali, Warm pseudoscalar inflation, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 043520 [arXiv:1901.01897] [INSPIRE].
V. Kamali, Reheating After Swampland Conjecture, JHEP 01 (2020) 092 [arXiv:1902.00701] [INSPIRE].
S. Das, G. Goswami and C. Krishnan, Swampland, axions, and minimal warm inflation, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 103529 [arXiv:1911.00323] [INSPIRE].
H. Ooguri, E. Palti, G. Shiu and C. Vafa, Distance and de Sitter Conjectures on the Swampland, Phys. Lett. B 788 (2019) 180 [arXiv:1810.05506] [INSPIRE].
G.W. Gibbons and S.W. Hawking, Cosmological Event Horizons, Thermodynamics, and Particle Creation, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 2738 [INSPIRE].
R. Bousso, A Covariant entropy conjecture, JHEP 07 (1999) 004 [hep-th/9905177] [INSPIRE].
A. Bedroya and C. Vafa, Trans-Planckian Censorship and the Swampland, arXiv:1909.11063 [INSPIRE].
A. Bedroya, R. Brandenberger, M. Loverde and C. Vafa, Trans-Planckian Censorship and Inflationary Cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 103502 [arXiv:1909.11106] [INSPIRE].
L. Aalsma and G. Shiu, Chaos and complementarity in de Sitter space, JHEP 05 (2020) 152 [arXiv:2002.01326] [INSPIRE].
A. Berera, S. Brahma and J.R. Calderón, Role of trans-Planckian modes in cosmology, arXiv:2003.07184 [INSPIRE].
S.K. Garg and C. Krishnan, Bounds on Slow Roll and the de Sitter Swampland, JHEP 11 (2019) 075 [arXiv:1807.05193] [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation, arXiv:1807.06211 [INSPIRE].
M. Bastero-Gil, A. Berera, R.O. Ramos and J.G. Rosa, Warm Little Inflaton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 151301 [arXiv:1604.08838] [INSPIRE].
A. Berera, J. Mabillard, M. Pieroni and R.O. Ramos, Identifying Universality in Warm Inflation, JCAP 07 (2018) 021 [arXiv:1803.04982] [INSPIRE].
I.G. Moss and C. Xiong, On the consistency of warm inflation, JCAP 11 (2008) 023 [arXiv:0808.0261] [INSPIRE].
S. del Campo, R. Herrera, D. Pavón and J.R. Villanueva, On the consistency of warm inflation in the presence of viscosity, JCAP 08 (2010) 002 [arXiv:1007.0103] [INSPIRE].
M. Bastero-Gil, A. Berera, R. Cerezo, R.O. Ramos and G.S. Vicente, Stability analysis for the background equations for inflation with dissipation and in a viscous radiation bath, JCAP 11 (2012) 042 [arXiv:1209.0712] [INSPIRE].
M. Benetti and R.O. Ramos, Warm inflation dissipative effects: predictions and constraints from the Planck data, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 023517 [arXiv:1610.08758] [INSPIRE].
M. Bastero-Gil, A. Berera, R.O. Ramos and J.G. Rosa, Towards a reliable effective field theory of inflation, arXiv:1907.13410 [INSPIRE].
S. Bartrum, M. Bastero-Gil, A. Berera, R. Cerezo, R.O. Ramos and J.G. Rosa, The importance of being warm (during inflation), Phys. Lett. B 732 (2014) 116 [arXiv:1307.5868] [INSPIRE].
K.V. Berghaus, P.W. Graham and D.E. Kaplan, Minimal Warm Inflation, JCAP 03 (2020) 034 [arXiv:1910.07525] [INSPIRE].
G.B.F. Lima and R.O. Ramos, Unified early and late Universe cosmology through dissipative effects in steep quintessential inflation potential models, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 123529 [arXiv:1910.05185] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2002.04925
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Brandenberger, R., Kamali, V. & Ramos, R.O. Strengthening the de Sitter swampland conjecture in warm inflation. J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2020)127
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2020)127