Abstract
We consider lattice Hamiltonian realizations of (d+1)-dimensional Dijkgraaf- Witten theory. In (2+1) d, it is well-known that the Hamiltonian yields point-like excita- tions classified by irreducible representations of the twisted quantum double. This can be confirmed using a tube algebra approach. In this paper, we propose a generalisation of this strategy that is valid in any dimensions. We then apply this generalisation to derive the algebraic structure of loop-like excitations in (3+1) d, namely the twisted quantum triple. The irreducible representations of the twisted quantum triple algebra correspond to the simple loop-like excitations of the model. Similarly to its (2+1) d counterpart, the twisted quantum triple comes equipped with a compatible comultiplication map and an R-matrix that encode the fusion and the braiding statistics of the loop-like excitations, respectively. Moreover, we explain using the language of loop-groupoids how a model defined on a man- ifold that is n-times compactified can be expressed in terms of another model in n-lower dimensions. This can in turn be used to recast higher-dimensional tube algebras in terms of lower dimensional analogues.
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Bullivant, A., Delcamp, C. Tube algebras, excitations statistics and compactification in gauge models of topological phases. J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 216 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2019)216
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2019)216