Abstract
The influences of interannual surface potential vorticity forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on East Asian summer rainfall (EASR) and upper-level circulation are explored in this study. The results show that the interannual EASR and associated circulations are closely related to the surface potential vorticity negative uniform leading mode (PVNUM) over the TP. When the PVNUM is in the positive phase, more rainfall occurs in the Yangtze River valley, South Korea, Japan, and part of northern China, less rainfall occurs in southern China, and vice versa. A possible mechanism by which PVNUM affects EASR is proposed. Unstable air induced by the positive phase of PVNUM could stimulate significant upward motion and a lower-level anomalous cyclone over the TP. As a result, a dipole heating mode with anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP and anomalous heating over the southeastern TP is generated. Sensitivity experiment results regarding this dipole heating mode indicate that anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP leads to local and northeastern Asian negative height anomalies, while anomalous heating over the southeastern TP leads to local positive height anomalies. These results greatly resemble the realistic circulation pattern associated with EASR. Further analysis indicates that the anomalous water vapor transport associated with this anomalous circulation pattern is responsible for the anomalous EASR. Consequently, changes in surface potential vorticity forcing over the TP can induce changes in EASR.
摘要
青藏高原地形强迫对东亚天气气候有重要影响. 基于位涡理论, 本文研究了青藏高原地表位涡强迫对东亚夏季降水的影响. 结果表明: 东亚夏季降水的年际变率与青藏高原地表位涡负一致模(PVNUM)密切相关. 正(负)位相的PVNUM有利于长江流域、 华北部分地区、 韩国和日本降水偏多(少), 而华南降水偏少(多). 相关机制如下: 与PVNUM相关的近地表静力不稳定层结能够激发出高原上空显著的上升运动以及高原南侧低层的气旋式环流. 受低层气旋式环流南北风异常的影响, 高原东西两侧分别出现非绝热冷却和非绝热加热中心, 呈偶极子型加热模态. 数值模拟证实, 高原西侧的冷极子能够激发出一支沿西风急流传播的罗斯贝波列, 导致高原西侧局地和东北亚地区的位势高度负异常; 高原东侧的暖极子能够激发其上空的位势高度正异常; 在冷暖极子加热的共同激发下, 东亚上空相关的环流结构与再分析结果十分一致. 进一步分析表明, 与环流异常相关的大范围水汽输送异常是导致东亚夏季降水异常的原因. 因此, 青藏高原地表位涡的强迫能够引起东亚夏季降水的改变.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments. This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91837101, 42122035, and 91937302) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1505706 and 2020YFA0608903).
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Article Highlights
• Potential vorticity (PV), inherently combining dynamics and thermodynamics, is an ideal indicator of the full forcing of the TP.
• The leading modes of EASR and upper-level circulation are closely related to the surface PV forcing over the TP.
• We highlight that the dipole heating mode over the TP plays a critical role in the process where the TP’s surface PV affects EASR.
This paper is a contribution to the special issue on Third Pole Atmospheric Physics, Chemistry, and Hydrology
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Sheng, C., He, B., Wu, G. et al. Interannual Influences of the Surface Potential Vorticity Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on East Asian Summer Rainfall. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1050–1061 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1218-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1218-4