Abstract
In this paper we have examined the stable and unstable states of the operation during the emptying of the silo. Here the state of stable operation of the silo is understood as a smooth mass outflow. The unstable state is manifested by funnel flow or arching. This issues from a moistured granular material. We have focused on the two extreme experimental cases. The first option was considered as a mass flow and the second one was considered as arching. Based on experimental data we have simulated the silo emptying by DEM. Considering the transition between stable and unstable operation we proposed a novel mathematical model of the silo emptying. This model involves a fractional-differential oscillator equation. Analyzing the solution of this equation we have presented how to recognize the state of stable and unstable operation during silo emptying.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Prof. Bogumil Wrana, Mr. Jan Pietras and Mr. Bartlomiej Czado from Cracow University of Technology for their performace of shear tests and Dr. Mariusz Ciesielski from Czestochowa University of Technology for his fruitful discussion and assistance in carrying out the simulation using DEM.
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Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
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Leszczynski, J.S., Blaszczyk, T. Modeling the transition between stable and unstable operation while emptying a silo. Granular Matter 13, 429–438 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0240-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0240-5