Abstract
Wetting of Al and Ni substrate by Sn-Zn eutectic-based alloys with 0.5 (wt.%) of Ga and 0.2 (wt.%) of Na was studied using the sessile drop method in the presence of ALU33® flux. Spreading tests were performed for 60 s, 180 s, and 480 s of contact, at temperatures of 503 K, 523 K and 553 K (230°C, 250°C, and 280°C). After cleaning the flux residue from solidified samples, the spreading areas of Sn-Zn0.5Ga and Sn-Zn0.2Na on Al and Ni substrate were determined. Selected, solidified solder-pad couples were cross-sectioned and subjected to scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction study and synchrotron measurements of the interfacial microstructure and identification of the phases. The growth of the intermetallic Ni5Zn21 phase layer was studied at the solder/Ni substrate interface, and the kinetics of the formation and growth of the intermetallic layer were determined. The formation of interlayers was not observed on the Al pads. On the contrary, dissolution of the Al substrate and migration of Al-rich particles into the bulk of the solder were observed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
L. Zhang and K.N. Tu, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 82, 1 (2014).
K.S. Kim, J.M. Yang, C.H. Yu, I.O. Jung, and H.H. Kim, J. Alloys Compd. 379, 314 (2004).
T. Gancarz, Mater. Trans. A 47, 326 (2016).
T. Gancarz, J. Pstrus, W. Gasior, and H. Henein, J. Electron. Mater. 42, 288 (2013).
A.K. Gain and L. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 617, 779 (2014).
C.-Y. Liu, M.-H. Hon, M.-C. Wang, Y.-R. Chen, K.-M. Chang, and W.-L. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 582, 229 (2014).
L.L. Duan, D.Q. Yu, S.Q. Han, H.T. Ma, and L. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 381, 202 (2004).
J. Pstruś, P. Fima, and T. Gancarz, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 21, 606 (2012).
K.S. Kim, S.H. Huh, and K. Suganuma, J. Alloys Compd. 352, 226 (2003).
M. Date, T. Shoji, M. Fujiyoshi, K. Sato, and K.N. Tu, Scripta Metall. 51, 641 (2004).
C.-W. Huang and K.-L. Lin, Mater. Trans. A 45, 588 (2004).
D. Soares, C. Vilarinho, J. Barbosa, F. Samuel, L. Trigo, and P. Bre, J. Min. Metall. Sect. B 43, 131 (2007).
A. Sharif and Y.C. Chan, J. Alloys Compd. 440, 117 (2007).
V.D. Gandova, P. Broz, and J. Buršík, Thermochim. Acta 524, 47 (2011).
C.-H. Wang, H.-H. Chen, P.-Y. Li, and P.-Y. Chu, Intermetallics 22, 166 (2012).
Y.-C. Chan, M.-Y. Chiu, and T.-H. Chuang, Z. Metallkd. 93, 95 (2002).
C.-H. Wang and H.-H. Chen, J. Electron. Mater. 39, 2375 (2010).
W.-K. Liou, Y.-W. Yen, and C.-C. Jao, J. Electron. Mater. 38, 2222 (2009).
Y.-W. Yen, D.-W. Liaw, K.-D. Chen, and H. Chen, J. Electron. Mater. 39, 2412 (2010).
W. Zhu, H. Liu, J. Wang, G. Ma, and Z. Jin, J. Electron. Mater. 39, 209 (2010).
T. Gancarz and P. Fima, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 25, 3358 (2016). doi:10.1007/s11665-016-2029-0.
T. Gancarz, P. Bobrowski, J. Pstrus, and S. Pawlak, J. Alloys Compd. 679, 442 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.040.
M.L. Huang, Y.Z. Huang, H.T. Ma, and J. Zhao, J. Electron. Mater. 40, 315 (2011).
Y. Li, X. Leng, S. Cheng, and J. Yan, Mater. Des. 40, 427 (2012).
L.M. Satizabal, D. Costa, G.O. Hainick, D.R. Moura, A.D. Bortolozo, and W.R. Osório, Metall. Mater. Trans. 48A, 1880 (2017).
Z. Lai, Z. Lai, and D. Ye, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 3182 (2016).
Z. Lai and D. Ye, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 1 (2016).
W.R. Osório, L.R. Garcia, L.C. Peixoto, and A. Garcia, Mater. Des. 32, 4763 (2011).
W.R. Osório and A. Garcia, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 21, 429 (2016).
P. Fima, K. Berent, J. Pstruś, and T. Gancarz, J. Mater. Sci. 24, 8472 (2012).
L. Zhang, S.-b. Xue, L.-l. Gao, Z. Sheng, H. Ye, Z.-x. Xiao, G. Zeng, Y. Chen, and S.-l. Yu, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 21, 1 (2010).
T. Gancarz and W. Gasior, Fluid Phase Equilib. 418, 57 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2015.09.009.
B. Klöden, Ph.D.-Thesis Institut für Strukturphysik, TU Dresden, 2006
M. Trybula, T. Gancarz, W. Gasior, and A. Pasturel, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45, 5517 (2014).
K.C. Mills and Y.C. Su, Int. Mater. Rev. 51, 329 (2006).
B. Smetana, S. Zla, A. Kroupa, M. Zaludova, J. Drapala, R. Burkovic, and D. Petlak, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 110, 369 (2012).
L.R. Garcia, L.C. Peixoto, W.R. Osorio, and A. Garcia, Mater. Lett. 63, 1314 (2009).
Y.S. Kim, K.S. Kim, C.W. Hwang, and K. Suganuma, J. Alloys Compd. 352, 233 (2003).
C. Wei, Y.C. Liu, Y.J. Han, J.B. Wan, and K. Yang, J. Alloys Compd. 464, 301 (2008).
W.X. Yuan, Z.Y. Qiao, H. Ipser, and G. Eriksson, J. Phase Equilib. Differ. 25, 68 (2004).
A. Johansson, H. Ljung, and S. Westman, Acta Chem. Scand. 22, 2743 (1968).
W. Jeitschko and B. Jaberg, Acta Crystallogr. B 38, 598 (1982).
G.F. Zhou, L.M. Di, and H. Bakker, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 1521 (1993).
P. Shoemaker, R.E. Marsh, F.J. Ewing, and L. Pauling, Acta Crystallogr. 5, 637 (1952).
M. Schaefer, R.A. Fournelle, and J. Liang, J. Electron. Mater. 27, 1167 (1998).
Y.-W. Yen, C.-C. Jao, K.-S. Chao, and S.-M. Fu, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Vol. II WCE 2011, July 6–8, 2011, London, UK. ISSN: 2078-0966
J. Chang, S.-K. Seo, and H.M. Lee, J. Electron. Mater. 39, 2643 (2010).
Acknowledgement
This work was financed by the National Science Centre Poland grant 2013/09/D/ST8/03991 “Physicochemical properties of Sn-Zn + X (X = Ga, Na) alloys” in the years 2014–2017.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Gancarz, T., Bobrowski, P., Pawlak, S. et al. Wetting of Sn-Zn-Ga and Sn-Zn-Na Alloys on Al and Ni Substrate. J. Electron. Mater. 47, 49–60 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5791-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5791-3