Abstract
Anammox technology has been widely researched over the past 40-year from the laboratory-scale to full-scale. It is well-known that in actual applications, the solo application of anammox is not feasible. Since both ammonium and nitrite are prerequisites based on the reaction mechanism, the pre-treatment of wastewater is necessary. With the combination of anammox process and other pre-treatment processes to treat the actual wastewater, many types of anammox-based processes have been developed with distinct nitrogen removal performance. Thus, in order to heighten the awareness of researchers to the developments and accelerate the application of these processes to the treatment of actual wastewater, the main anammox-based processes are reviewed in this paper. It includes the partial nitritation/anammox process, the denitratation/anammox (PD/A) process, the denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation/anammox (DAMO/A) process, and more complex deuterogenic processes. These processes have made the breakthroughs in the application of the anammox technology, such as the combination of nitrification and PD/A process can achieve stability and reliability of nitrogen removal in the treatment of mainstream wastewater, the PD/A process and the DAMO/A have brought about further improvements in the total nitrogen removal efficiency of wastewater. The diversity of functional microbe characteristics under the specific condition indicate the wide application potential of anammox-based processes, and further exploration is necessary. A whole waste treatment system concept is proposed through the effective allocation of above mentioned processes, with the maximum recovery of energy and resources, and minimal environmental impact.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Antwi P, Zhang D, Su H, Luo W, Quashie F K, Kabutey F T, Xiao L, Lai C, Liu Z, Li J (2020). Nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by single-stage anammox and partial-nitritation process: Effects of microaerobic condition on performance and microbial activities. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 38: 101572
Aoi Y, Miyoshi T, Okamoto T, Tsuneda S, Hirata A, Kitayama A, Nagamune T (2000). Microbial ecology of nitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment process examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 90(3): 234–240
Bei S, Tian Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Christie P, Li X, Jia Z, Zhang J (2021). Temperature-dependent changes in active nitrifying communities in response to field fertilization legacy. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 57(1): 1–14
Bi Z, Wanyan D, Li X, Huang Y (2020). Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 14(3): 38–11
Böllmann J, Engelbrecht S, Martienssen M (2019). Autofluorescent characteristics of Candidatus Brocadia fulgida and the consequences for FISH and microscopic detection. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 42(2): 135–144
Cai C, Hu S, Guo J, Shi Y, Xie G J, Yuan Z (2015). Nitrate reduction by denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing microorganisms can reach a practically useful rate. Water Research, 87: 211–217
Cao Y, van Loosdrecht M C M, Daigger G T (2017). Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox in municipal wastewater treatment: status, bottlenecks, and further studies. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(4): 1365–1383
Castro-Barros C M, Jia M, van Loosdrecht M C M, Volcke E I P, Winkler M K H (2017). Evaluating the potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction by anammox bacteria for municipal wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology, 233: 363–372
Chen H, Tu Z, Wu S, Yu G, Du C, Wang H, Yang E, Zhou L, Deng B, Wang D, Li H (2021). Recent advances in partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 278, 130436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
Chang J, Wu Q, Liang P, Huang X (2021a). Enhancement of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation via Geobacter sulfurreducens. Science of the Total Environment, 766: 144230
Chang J, Wu Q, Yan X, Wang H, Lee L W, Liu Y, Liang P, Qiu Y, Huang X (2021b). Enhancement of nitrite reduction and enrichment of Methylomonas via conductive materials in a nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation system. Environmental Research, 193: 110565
Chen R, Ji J, Chen Y, Takemura Y, Liu Y, Kubota K, Ma H, Li Y Y (2019). Successful operation performance and syntrophic microgranule in partial nitritation and anammox reactor treating low-strength ammonia wastewater. Water Research, 155: 288–299
Cho K, Choi M, Lee S, Bae H (2018). Negligible seeding source effect on the final ANAMMOX community under steady and high nitrogen loading rate after enrichment using poly(vinyl alcohol) gel carriers. Chemosphere, 208: 21–30
Cho K, Shin S G, Lee J, Koo T, Kim W, Hwang S (2016). Nitrification resilience and community dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with respect to ammonia loading shock in a nitrification reactor treating steel wastewater. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 122(2): 196–202
Deng Y F, Ekama G A, Cui Y X, Tang C J, van Loosdrecht M C M, Chen G H, Wu D (2019). Coupling of sulfur(thiosulfate)-driven denitratation and anammox process to treat nitrate and ammonium contained wastewater. Water Research, 163: 114854
Ding J, Seow W, Zhou J, Zeng R J, Gu J, Zhou Y (2021). Effects of Fe (II) on anammox community activity and physiologic response. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(1): 7
Ding Z W, Lu Y Z, Fu L, Ding J, Zeng R J (2017). Simultaneous enrichment of denitrifying anaerobic methane-oxidizing microorganisms and anammox bacteria in a hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(1): 437–446
Du R, Peng Y, Cao S, Wang S, Wu C (2015). Advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater by combining anammox with partial denitrification. Bioresource Technology, 179: 497–504
Du R, Peng Y, Ji J, Shi L, Gao R, Li X (2019). Partial denitrification providing nitrite: Opportunities of extending application for anammox. Environment International, 131: 105001
Fan S Q, Xie G J, Lu Y, Liu B F, Xing D F, Han H J, Yuan Z, Ren N Q (2020). Granular sludge coupling nitrate/nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation with anammox: From proof-of-concept to high rate nitrogen removal. Environmental Science & Technology, acs. est.9b02528
Fang K, Peng F, Gong H, Zhang H, Wang K (2021). Ammonia removal from low-strength municipal wastewater by powdered resin combined with simultaneous recovery as struvite. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(8): 1–10
Fu J, Zhang Q, Huang B, Fan N, Jin R (2021). A review on anammox process for the treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater: Linking effects with corresponding mechanisms. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(1): 17
Fu L, Ding J, Lu Y Z, Ding Z W, Bai Y N, Zeng R J (2017a). Hollow fiber membrane bioreactor affects microbial community and morphology of the DAMO and Anammox co-culture system. Bioresource Technology, 232: 247–253
Fu L, Ding J, Lu Y Z, Ding Z W, Zeng R J (2017b). Nitrogen source effects on the denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation culture and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria enrichment process. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(9): 3895–3906
Gonzalez-Silva B M, Rønning A J, Andreassen I K, Bakke I, Cervantes F J, Østgaard K, Vadstein O (2017). Changes in the microbial community of an anammox consortium during adaptation to marine conditions revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(12): 5149–5162
Guo Y, Chen Y, Webeck E, Li Y Y (2020a). Towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent: Latest developments in the anammox-based process from the application perspective. Bioresource Technology, 299: 122560
Guo Y, Li Y Y (2020). Hydroxyapatite crystallization-based phosphorus recovery coupling with the nitrogen removal through partial nitritation/anammox in a single reactor. Water Research, 187: 116444
Guo Y, Niu Q, Sugano T, Li Y Y (2020b). Biodegradable organic matter-containing ammonium wastewater treatment through simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox, denitrification and COD oxidization process. Science of the Total Environment, 714: 136740
Guo Y, Sugano T, Song Y, Xie C, Chen Y, Xue Y, Li Y Y (2020c). The performance of freshwater one-stage partial nitritation/anammox process with the increase of salinity up to 3.0. Bioresource Technology, 311: 123489
Guo Y, Xie C, Chen Y, Urasaki K, Qin Y, Kubota K, Li Y Y (2021). Achieving superior nitrogen removal performance in low-strength ammonium wastewater treatment by cultivating concentrated, highly dispersive, and easily settleable granule sludge in a one-stage partial nitritation/anammox-HAP reactor. Water Research, 200: 117217
Hatamoto M, Nemoto S, Yamaguchi T (2018). Effects of copper and PQQ on the denitrification activities of microorganisms facilitating nitrite- and nitrate-dependent DAMO reaction. International Journal of Environmental Research, 12(5): 749–753
He Z, Geng S, Pan Y, Cai C, Wang J, Wang L, Liu S, Zheng P, Xu X, Hu B (2015a). Improvement of the trace metal composition of medium for nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria: Iron(II) and copper(II) make a difference. Water Research, 85: 235–243
He Z, Geng S, Shen L, Lou L, Zheng P, Xu X, Hu B (2015b). The short-and long-term effects of environmental conditions on anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to nitrite reduction. Water Research, 68: 554–562
Hu S, Zeng R J, Haroon M F, Keller J, Lant P A, Tyson G W, Yuan Z (2015). A laboratory investigation of interactions between denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) and anammox processes in anoxic environments. Scientific Reports, 5(1): 8706
Kartal B, Kuypers M M M, Lavik G, Schalk J, Op den Camp H J M, Jetten M S M, Strous M (2007a). Anammox bacteria disguised as denitrifiers: Nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas via nitrite and ammonium. Environmental Microbiology, 9(3): 635–642
Kartal B, Rattray J, van Niftrik L A, van de Vossenberg J, Schmid M C, Webb R I, Schouten S, Fuerst J A, Damsté J S, Jetten M S M, Strous M (2007b). Candidatus “Anammoxoglobus propionicus” a new propionate oxidizing species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 30(1): 39–49
Keshvardoust P, Huron V A A, Clemson M, Constancias F, Barraud N, Rice S A (2019). Biofilm formation inhibition and dispersal of multispecies communities containing ammonia-oxidising bacteria. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 5: 25–28
Li J, Bai L, Qiang Z, Dong H, Wang D (2018). Nitrogen removal through “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” treating high-salinity and low-temperature wastewater with glycine addition: Enhanced performance and kinetics. Bioresource Technology, 270: 755–761
Li J, Qiang Z, Yu D, Wang D, Zhang P, Li Y (2016). Performance and microbial community of simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) process in a sequencing batch reactor. Bioresource Technology, 218: 1064–1072
Li S, Zhou X, Cao X, Chen J (2021). Insights into simultaneous anammox and denitrification system with short-term pyridine exposure: Process capability, inhibition kinetics and metabolic pathways. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(6): 139
Li W, Cai Z Y, Duo Z J, Lu Y F, Gao K X, Abbas G, Zhang M, Zheng P (2017). Heterotrophic ammonia and nitrate bio-removal over nitrite (Hanbon): Performance and microflora. Chemosphere, 182: 532–538
Li W, Lu P, Chai F, Zhang L, Han X, Zhang D (2018). Long-term nitrate removal through methane-dependent denitrification microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors fed with only nitrate and methane. AMB Express, 8(1): 108
Li W, Lu P, Zhang L, Ding A, Wang X, Yang H, Zhang D (2020). Long-term performance of denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation under stepwise cooling and ambient temperature conditions. Science of the Total Environment, 713: 136739
Li X, Sun S, Yuan H, Badgley B D, He Z (2017). Mainstream upflow nitritation-anammox system with hybrid anaerobic pretreatment: Long-term performance and microbial community dynamics. Water Research, 125: 298–308
Li Y, Li J, Zhao B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wei J, Bian W (2017). A coupled system of half-nitritation and ANAMMOX for mature landfill leachate nitrogen removal. Environmental Technology, 38(18): 2335–2343
Liu C, Liu T, Zheng X, Meng J, Chen H, Yuan Z, Hu S, Guo J (2021). Rapid formation of granules coupling n-DAMO and anammox microorganisms to remove nitrogen. Water Research, 194: 116963
Liu T, Hu S, Yuan Z, Guo J (2019). High-level nitrogen removal by simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox and nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation. Water Research, 166: 115057
Liu T, Khai Lim Z, Chen H, Hu S, Yuan Z, Guo J (2020). Temperature-Tolerated Mainstream Nitrogen Removal by Anammox and Nitrite/Nitrate-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in a Membrane Biofilm Reactor. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(5): 3012–3021
Liu W, Chen W, Yang D, Shen Y (2019). Functional and compositional characteristics of nitrifiers reveal the failure of achieving mainstream nitritation under limited oxygen or ammonia conditions. Bioresource Technology, 275: 272–279
Lotti T, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht M C M (2015). Effect of temperature change on anammox activity. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 112(1): 98–103
Lou J, Lv J, Yang D (2020). Effects of Environmental Factors on Nitrate-DAMO Activity. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 231(6): 263
Lu P, Liu T, Ni B J, Guo J, Yuan Z, Hu S (2019). Growth kinetics of Candidatus ‘Methanoperedens nitroreducens’ enriched in a laboratory reactor. Science of the Total Environment, 659: 442–450
Lu Y Z, Fu L, Li N, Ding J, Bai Y N, Samaras P, Zeng R J (2018). The content of trace element iron is a key factor for competition between anaerobic ammonium oxidation and methane-dependent denitrification processes. Chemosphere, 198: 370–376
Luo J H, Chen H, Yuan Z, Guo J (2018). Methane-supported nitrate removal from groundwater in a membrane biofilm reactor. Water Research, 132: 71–78
Ma B, Qian W, Yuan C, Yuan Z, Peng Y (2017). Achieving Mainstream Nitrogen Removal through Coupling Anammox with Denitratation. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(15): 8405–8413
Ma B, Xu X, Ge S, Li B, Wei Y, Zhu H, Nan X, Peng Y (2020a). Reducing carbon source consumption through a novel denitratation/anammox biofilter to remove nitrate from synthetic secondary effluent. Bioresource Technology, 309: 123377
Ma B, Xu X, Wei Y, Ge C, Peng Y (2020b). Recent advances in controlling denitritation for achieving denitratation/anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment plants. Bioresource Technology, 299: 122697
Martienssen M (1997). Biological treatment of leachate from solid waste landfill sites: Alterations in the bacterial community during the denitrification process. Water Research, 31(5): 1164–1170
Nejidat A, Diaz-Reck D, Massalha N, Arbiv A, Dawas A, Dosoretz C, Sabbah I (2018). Abundance and diversity of anammox bacteria in a mainstream municipal wastewater treatment plant. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 102(15): 6713–6723
Nie W B, Ding J, Xie G J, Yang L, Peng L, Tan X, Liu B F, Xing D F, Yuan Z, Ren N Q (2021). Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium fuels anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(2): 1197–1208
Nie W B, Xie G J, Ding J, Lu Y, Liu B F, Xing D F, Wang Q, Han H J, Yuan Z, Ren N Q (2019). High performance nitrogen removal through integrating denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation and Anammox: from enrichment to application. Environment International, 132: 105107
Oshiki M, Ali M, Shinyako-Hata K, Satoh H, Okabe S (2016). Hydroxylamine-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by “Candidatus Brocadia Sinica”. Environmental Microbiology, 18(9): 3133–3143
Oshiki M, Masuda Y, Yamaguchi T, Araki N (2018). Synergistic inhibition of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) activity by phenol and thiocyanate. Chemosphere, 213: 498–506
Otawa K, Asano R, Ohba Y, Sasaki T, Kawamura E, Koyama F, Nakamura S, Nakai Y (2006). Molecular analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community in intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactors used for animal wastewater treatment. Environmental Microbiology, 8(11): 1985–1996
Park H, Sundar S, Ma Y, Chandran K (2015). Differentiation in the microbial ecology and activity of suspended and attached bacteria in a nitritation-anammox process. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 112(2): 272–279
Pereira A D, Leal C D, Dias M F, Etchebehere C, Chernicharo C A L, de Araújo J C (2014). Effect of phenol on the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure and composition of an anammox reactor. Bioresource Technology, 166: 103–111
Phanwilai S, Kangwannarakul N, Noophan P (2020). Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD:N ratio. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 14(6): 115
Qi R, Qin D, Yu T, Chen M, Wei Y (2020). Start-up control for nitrogen removal via nitrite under low temperature conditions for swine wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactors. New Biotechnology, 59: 80–87
Qian F, Gebreyesus A T, Wang J, Shen Y, Liu W, Xie L (2018). Singlestage autotrophic nitrogen removal process at high loading rate: Granular reactor performance, kinetics, and microbial characterization. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 102(5): 2379–2389
Qian J, Zhang M, Wu Y, Niu J, Chang X, Yao H, Hu S, Pei X (2018). A feasibility study on biological nitrogen removal (BNR) via integrated thiosulfate-driven denitratation with anammox. Chemosphere, 208: 793–799
Qiao L, Ning X, Li Y, Zhang Y (2017). A kinetics study on anammox bacteria with a disproportionate substrate concentration. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 92(9): 2309–2316
Qiu S, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Peng Y (2021). Sludge fermentation liquid addition attained advanced nitrogen removal in low C/N ratio municipal wastewater through short-cut nitrification-denitrification and partial anammox. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(2): 26
Ren L F, Lv L, Zhang J, Gao B, Ni S Q, Yang N, Zhou Q, Liu X (2016). Novel zero-valent iron-assembled reactor for strengthening anammox performance under low temperature. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100(20): 8711–8720
Shen L, Liu S, He Z, Lian X, Huang Q, He Y, Lou L, Xu X, Zheng P, Hu B (2015). Depth-specific distribution and importance of nitrite-dependent anaerobic ammonium and methane-oxidising bacteria in an urban wetland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 83: 43–51
Shi Y, Hu S, Lou J, Lu P, Keller J, Yuan Z (2013). Nitrogen removal from wastewater by coupling anammox and methane-dependent denitrification in a membrane biofilm reactor. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(20): 11577–11583
Shore J L, M’Coy W S, Gunsch C K, Deshusses M A (2012). Application of a moving bed biofilm reactor for tertiary ammonia treatment in high temperature industrial wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 112: 51–60
Shu D, He Y, Yue H, Zhu L, Wang Q (2015). Metagenomic insights into the effects of volatile fatty acids on microbial community structures and functional genes in organotrophic anammox process. Bioresource Technology, 196: 621–633
Si Z, Peng Y, Yang A, Zhang S, Li B, Wang B, Wang S (2018). Rapid nitrite production via partial denitrification: Pilot-scale operation and microbial community analysis. Environmental Science. Water Research & Technology, 4(1): 80–86
Soliman M, Eldyasti A (2018). Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB): opportunities and applications: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 17(2): 285–321
Song Y, Ali M, Feng F, Chai X, Wang S, Wang Y, Tang C (2020). Performance of a high-rate anammox reactor under high hydraulic loadings: Physicochemical properties, microbial structure and process kinetics. Journal of Central South University, 27(4): 1197–1210
Stultiens K, Cruz S G, van Kessel M A H J, Jetten M S M, Kartal B, Op den Camp H J M (2019). Interactions between anaerobic ammonium-and methane-oxidizing microorganisms in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 103(16): 6783–6795
Tan H, Wang Y, Tang X, Li L, Feng F, Mahmood Q, Wu D, Tang C J (2020). Quantitative determination of cavitation formation and sludge flotation in Anammox granules by using a new diffusion-reaction integrated mathematical model. Water Research, 174: 115632
Tang C J, Zheng P, Hu B L, Chen J W, Wang C H (2010). Influence of substrates on nitrogen removal performance and microbiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation by operating two UASB reactors fed with different substrate levels. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1–3): 19–26
Tang C J, Zheng P, Wang C H, Mahmood Q, Zhang J Q, Chen X G, Zhang L, Chen J W (2011). Performance of high-loaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge. Water Research, 45(1): 135–144
Thandar S M, Ushiki N, Fujitani H, Sekiguchi Y, Tsuneda S (2016). Ecophysiology and comparative genomics of nitrosomonas mobilis ms1 isolated from autotrophic nitrifying granules of wastewater treatment bioreactor. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7: 1869
Tomaszewski M, Cema G, Ziembińska-Buczyńska A (2017). Influence of temperature and pH on the anammox process: A review and meta-analysis. Chemosphere, 182: 203–214
van der Star W R L, Miclea A I, van Dongen U G J M, Muyzer G, Picioreanu C, van Loosdrecht M C M (2008). The membrane bioreactor: A novel tool to grow anammox bacteria as free cells. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 101(2): 286–294
Wang G, Xu X, Zhou L, Wang C, Yang F (2017). A pilot-scale study on the start-up of partial nitrification-anammox process for anaerobic sludge digester liquor treatment. Bioresource Technology, 241: 181–189
Wang, H., Yu, G., He, W., Du, C., Deng, Z., Wang, D., Yang, M., Yang, E., Zhou, Y., Sanjaya, E.H., Chen, H., (2021). Enhancing autotrophic nitrogen removal with a novel dissolved oxygen-differentiated airlift internal circulation reactor: Long-term operational performance and microbial characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management, 296, 113271
Wang J, Hua M, Li Y, Ma F, Zheng P, Hu B (2019). Achieving high nitrogen removal efficiency by optimizing nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation process with growth factors. Water Research, 161: 35–42
Wang S, Wang L, Deng L, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Yang H, Lei Y (2017). Performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal from digested piggery wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 241: 465–472
Wen X, Gong B, Zhou J, He Q, Qing X (2017). Efficient simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) system equipped with a real-time dissolved oxygen (DO) intelligent control system and microbial community shifts of different substrate concentrations. Water Research, 119: 201–211
Winkler M K H, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht M C M (2012). Integration of anammox into the aerobic granular sludge process for main stream wastewater treatment at ambient temperatures. Water Research, 46(1): 136–144
Woebken D, Sayavedra-soto L A, Bottomley P J, Daims H, Wagner M (2020). Transcriptomic response of nitrosomonas Europaea transitioned from ammonia- to oxygen-limited steady-state growth. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 5: 1–14
Wu Y J, Whang L M, Fukushima T, Chang S H (2013). Responses of ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and betaproteobacterial populations to wastewater salinity in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 115(4): 424–432
Wu Y J, Whang L M, Fukushima T, Huang Y J (2020). Abundance, community structures, and nitrification inhibition on ammonia-oxidizing archaea enriched under high and low salinity. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 153: 105040
Xie G J, Cai C, Hu S, Yuan Z (2017). Complete nitrogen removal from synthetic anaerobic sludge digestion liquor through integrating anammox and denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation in a membrane biofilm reactor. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(2): 819–827
Xie G J, Liu T, Cai C, Hu S, Yuan Z (2018). Achieving high-level nitrogen removal in mainstream by coupling anammox with denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation in a membrane biofilm reactor. Water Research, 131: 196–204
Xu S, Wu X, Lu H (2021). Overlooked nitrogen-cycling microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(6): 133
Yang J, Jiang H, Wu G, Hou W, Sun Y, Lai Z, Dong H (2012). Cooccurrence of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidizing and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in two Qinghai-Tibetan saline lakes. Frontiers of Earth Science, 6(4): 383–391
Yang Y, Lu H, Shao Z, Liu S, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Gu L, He Q, Chai H (2020). Electron buffer formation through coupling thiosulfate-dependent denitratation with anammox in a single-stage sequencing batch reactor. Bioresource Technology, 312: 123560
Yokota N, Watanabe Y, Tokutomi T, Kiyokawa T, Hori T, Ikeda D, Song K, Hosomi M, Terada A (2018). High-rate nitrogen removal from waste brine by marine anammox bacteria in a pilot-scale UASB reactor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 102(3): 1501–1512
Zhang G, Zhang L, Han X, Zhang S, Peng Y (2021). Start-up of PN-anammox system under low inoculation quantity and its restoration after low-loading rate shock. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(2): 32
Zhang L, Narita Y, Gao L, Ali M, Oshiki M, Ishii S, Okabe S (2017). Microbial competition among anammox bacteria in nitrite-limited bioreactors. Water Research, 125: 249–258
Zhang X, Zheng S, Zhang H, Duan S (2018). Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification-anoxic denitrification dominated the anoxic/oxic sewage treatment process during optimization for higher loading rate and energy savings. Bioresource Technology, 263: 84–93
Zhou X, Song J, Wang G, Yin Z, Cao X, Gao J (2020). Unravelling nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission from mainstream integrated nitrification-partial denitrification-anammox for low carbon/nitrogen domestic wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 270: 110872
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (No. 19H01160) and the China Scholarship Council (No. 201606460046).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Highlights
• The PNA, denitratation/anammox, and DAMO/anammox process are reviewed together.
• Denitratation/anammox-based process is promising in mainstream treatment.
• DAMO and denitratation processes realize the higher nitrogen removal efficiency.
• The utilization of metabolism diversity of functional microbe is worth exploring.
• An effective waste treatment system concept is proposed.
Rights and permissions
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, Y., Luo, Z., Shen, J. et al. The main anammox-based processes, the involved microbes and the novel process concept from the application perspective. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 16, 84 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1487-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1487-1