Abstract
To enhance the lubricating and extreme pressure (EP) performance of base oils, two types of oil-soluble ionic liquids (ILs) with similar anion albeit dissimilar cations were synthesized. The physical properties of the prepared ILs were measured. The anticorrosion properties of ILs were assessed by conducting corrosion tests on steel discs and copper strips, which revealed the remarkable anticorrosion properties of the ILs in comparison with those of the commercial additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). The tribological properties of the two ILs as additives for poly-α-olefin-10 (PAO10) with various mass concentrations were investigated. The tribological test results indicate that these ILs as additives are capable of reducing friction and wear of sliding contacts remarkably as well as enhance the EP performance of blank PAO10. Under similar test conditions, these IL additives exhibit higher lubricating and anti-wear (AW) performances than those of ZDDP based additive package in PAO10. Subsequently, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were conducted to study the lubricating mechanism of the two ILs. The results indicate that the formation of tribochemical film plays the most crucial role in enhancing the lubricating and AW behavior of the mixture lubricants.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Holmberg K, Andersson P, Erdemir A. Global energy consumption due to friction in passenger cars. Tribol Int 47: 221–234 (2012)
Yu Q, Huang G, Cai M, Zhou F, Liu W. In situ zwitterionic supramolecular gel lubricants for significantly improved tribological properties. Tribol Int 95: 55–65 (2016)
Sgroi M F, Asti M, Gili F, Deorsola F A, Bensaid S, Fino D, Kraft G, Garcia I, Dassenoy F. Engine bench and road testing of an engine oil containing MoS2 particles as nanoadditive for friction reduction. Tribol Int 105: 317–325 (2017)
Nicholls M A, Do T, Norton P R, Kasrai M, Bancroft G M. Review of the lubrication of metallic surfaces by zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphates. Tribol Int 38: 15–39 (2005)
Singh Y. Tribological behavior as lubricant additive and physiochemical characterization of Jatropha oil blends. Friction 3(4): 320–332 (2015)
Cai M, Liang Y, Zhou F, Liu W. A novel imidazolium salt with antioxidation and anticorrosion dual functionalities as the additive in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts. Wear 306(1-2): 197–208 (2013)
Huang G, Yu Q, Ma Z, Cai M, Liu W. Probing the lubricating mechanism of oil-soluble ionic liquids additives. Tribol Int 107: 152–162 (2017)
Song Z, Liang Y, Fan M, Zhou F, Liu W. Lithium-based ionic liquids as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs). Friction 1(3): 222–231 (2013)
Liu W, Y C, Gong Q, Wang H, Wang P. Tribological Performance of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Lubricant. Tribol Lett 13(2): 81–85 (2001)
Cai M, Liang Y, Yao M, Xia Y, Zhou F, Liu W. Imidazolium ionic liquids as antiwear and antioxidant additive in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts. ACS Appl Mater Inter 2(3): 870–876 (2010)
Qu J, Truhan J J, Dai S, Luo H, Blau P J. Ionic liquids with ammonium cations as lubricants or additives. Tribol Lett 22(3): 207–214 (2006)
Fan M, Liang Y, Zhou F, Liu W. Dramatically improved friction reduction and wear resistance by in situ formed ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2(17): 6824–6830 (2012)
Fan X, Xia Y, Wang L. Tribological properties of conductive lubricating greases. Friction 2(4): 343–353 (2014)
Zhou F, Liang Y, Liu W. Ionic liquid lubricants: designed chemistry for engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 38(9): 2590–2599 (2009)
Liu W, Ye C, Gong Q, Wang H, Wang P. Tribological Performance of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Lubricant. Tribol Lett 13(2): 81–85 (2002)
Pisarova L, Totolin V, Gabler C, Dörr N, Pittenauer E, Allmaier G, Minami I. Insight into degradation of ammoniumbased ionic liquids and comparison of tribological performance between selected intact and altered ionic liquid. Tribol Int 65: 13–27 (2013)
Kronberger M, Pagano F, Pejakovic V, Igartua A, Urbistondo E, Kalin M. Miscibility and tribological investigations of ionic liquids in biodegradable esters. Lubr Sci 26(7–8): 463–487 (2014)
Westerholt A, Weschta M, Bösmann A, Tremmel S, Korth Y, Wolf M, Schlücker E, Wehrum N, Lennert A, Uerdingen M, Holweger W, Wartzack S, Wasserscheid P. Halide-free synthesis and tribological performance of oil-miscible ammonium and phosphonium-based ionic liquids. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3(5): 797–808 (2015)
Qu J, Bansal D G, Yu B, Howe J Y, Luo H, Dai S, Li H, Blau P J, Bunting B G, Mordukhovich G, Smolenski D J. Antiwear performance and mechanism of an oil-miscible ionic liquid as a lubricant additive. ACS Appl Mater Inter 4(2): 997–1002 (2012)
Yu B, Bansal D G, Qu J, Sun X, Luo H, Dai S, Blau P J, Bunting B G, Mordukhovich G, Smolenski D J. Oil-miscible and non-corrosive phosphonium-based ionic liquids as candidate lubricant additives. Wear 289: 58–64 (2012)
Wang H, Lu Q, Ye C, Liu W, Cui Z. Friction and wear behaviors of ionic liquid of alkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates as lubricants for steel/steel contact. Wear 256(1–2): 44–48 (2004)
Han Y, Qiao D, Zhang L, Feng D. Study of tribological performance and mechanism of phosphonate ionic liquids for steel/aluminum contact. Tribol Int 84: 71–80 (2015)
Wang Z, Xia Y, Liu Z. The rheological and tribological properties of calcium sulfonate complex greases. Friction 3(1): 28–35 (2014)
Li J, Zhang C, Deng M, Luo J. Investigations of the superlubricity of sapphire against ruby under phosphoric acid lubrication. Friction 2(2): 164–172 (2014)
Bonhôte P, Dias A-P, Papageorgiou N, Kalyanasundaram K, Grä1tzel M. Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient- Temperature Molten Salts. Inorg Chem 35(5): 1168–1178 (1996)
Fröba A P, Kremer H, Leipertz A. Density, refractive index, interfacial tension, and viscosity of ionic liquids [EMIM][EtSO4], [EMIM][NTf2], [EMIM][N(CN)2], and [OMA][NTf2] in dependence on temperature at atmospheric pressure. J Phys Chem B 112(39): 12420–12430 (2008)
Huang G, Yu Q, Cai M, Zhou F, Liu W. Highlighting the effect of interfacial interaction on tribological properties of supramolecular gel lubricants. Adv Mater Interfaces 3(3): 1500489 (2016)
Ilanko A K, Vijayaraghavan S. Wear behavior of asbestosfree eco-friendly composites for automobile brake materials. Friction 4(2): 144–152 (2016)
Cartigueyen S, Mahadevan K. Wear characteristics of copperbased surface-level microcomposites and nanocomposites prepared by friction stir processing. Friction 4(1): 39–49 (2016)
Yu Q, Fan M, Li D, Song Z, Cai M, Zhou F, Liu W. Thermoreversible Gel Lubricants through Universal Supramolecular Assembly of a Nonionic Surfactant in a Variety of Base Lubricating Liquids. ACS Appl Mater Inter 6(18): 15783–91574 (2014)
Lin Y C, So H. Limitations on use of ZDDP as an antiwear additive in boundary lubrication. Tribol Int 37: 25–33 (2004)
Ito K, Martin J-M, Minfray C, Kato K. Low-friction tribofilm formed by the reaction of ZDDP on iron oxide. Tribol Int 39: 1538–1544 (2006)
Li J, Xu X, Wang Y, Ren T. Tribological studies on a novel borate ester containing benzothiazol-2-yl and disulfide groups as multifunctional additive. Tribol Int 43: 1048–1053 (2010)
Xiong S, Sun J, Xu Y, Yan X. QSPR Models for the Prediction of Friction Coefficient and maximum non-seizure load of lubricants. Tribol Lett 60(1) (2015)
Minfray C, Mogne T L, Lubrecht A A, Martin J M. Experimental simulation of chemical reactions between ZDDP tribofilms and steel surfaces during friction processes. Tribol Lett 21(1): 65–76 (2006)
Spikes H. The history and mechanisms of ZDDP. Tribol Lett 17(3): 469–489 (2004)
Zhou X, Yang H, Wang F. [BMIM]BF4 ionic liquids as effective inhibitor for carbon steel in alkaline chloride solution. Electrochim Acta 56(11): 4268–4275 (2011)
Qu J, Luo H, Chi M, Ma C, Blau P J, Dai S, Viola M B. Comparison of an oil-miscible ionic liquid and ZDDP as a lubricant anti-wear additive. Tribol Int 71: 88–97 (2014)
Qu J, Barnhill W C, Luo H, Meyer III H M, Leonard D N, Landauer A K, Kheireddin B, Gao H, Papke B L, Dai S. Synergistic effects between phosphonium-alkylphosphate ionic liquids and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) as lubricant additives. Adv Mater 27(32): 4767–4774 (2015)
Cai M, Liang Y, Zhou F, Liu W. Anticorrosion imidazolium ionic liquids as the additive in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/Cu-Sn alloy contacts. Faraday Discuss 156: 147–157 (2012)
Yin Z, Kasrai M, Fuller M, Bancroft G M, Fyfe K, Tan K H. Application of soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in chemical characterization of antiwear films generated by ZDDP Part I: The effects of physical parameters. Wear 202(2): 172–191 (1997)
Jiménez A-E, Bermúdez M-D. Ionic liquids as lubricants for steel-aluminum contacts at low and elevated temperatures. Tribol Lett 26(1): 53–60 (2006)
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 51675512, 51227804, and 51305428), Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (No. 1606RJZA051), and the National Key Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (No. 2013CB632301).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Guowei HUANG. He received his master degree in material science and engineering in 2013 from Shandong Jianzhu University. After then, he was a PhD student in the State Key Laboratory of solid lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include the design and preparation of novel ionic liquids as lubricant and lubricating additives.
Qiangliang YU. He got his PhD degree in 2016 at the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics. He is an assistant at the State Key Lab of Solid Lubrication in Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS. His research interests are ionic liquids lubricants and anticorrosive additives.
Zhengfeng MA. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry and M.S. degree in polymer chemistry and physics from Lanzhou University in 2011 and 2014 respectively. He joined the State Key Lab of Solid Lubrication in Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, from 2014. His research areas is polymer lubrication materials.
Meirong CAI. She got her PhD degree in 2012 at the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics. She is an associate professor at the State Key Lab of Solid Lubrication in Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS. She has authored or co-authored more than 30 journal papers. Her research interests are ionic liquids lubricants and supramolecular gel lubricants.
Feng Zhou. He is a full professor in Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS and Deputy director of State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication. He gained PhD in 2004 and spent three years (2005—2008) in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge as a research associate. He has published more than 260 journal papers that received more than 10000 citations and has the H-index 56. His research interests include the bioninspired tribology, biomimic surfaces/interfaces of soft matters, drag-reduction and antibiofouling, functional coatings. He has gained a number of awards including “Outstanding Youth Award” of International Society of Bionic Engineering, 2013. He serves as editorial board member of Tribology International, Journal Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics etc.
Weimin LIU. He received his Ph.D. degree in lubricating materials and tribology from Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1990. After that, he joined the State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication (LSL) of the LICP. From June 1993 to June 1994, he worked as a Visiting Scholar at Pennsylvania State University, USA. In 2013, he was elected the Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Currently, he is a professor of LICP and head of the State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication. Up to now, he has published more than 500 papers with citation over 20000. He holds 80 Chinese patents and 1 US patent; won 2 National Awards for Technological Invention (second class) and 1 National Award for Natural Sciences (second class). Currently, his research interests mainly focus on space and aviation lubrication, high performance lubricating materials and Tribochemistry.
Rights and permissions
Open Access : The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, G., Yu, Q., Ma, Z. et al. Oil-soluble ionic liquids as antiwear and extreme pressure additives in poly-α-olefin for steel/steel contacts. Friction 7, 18–31 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-017-0180-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-017-0180-8