Abstract
Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMnCs) comprise a metal matrix filled with nanosized reinforcements with physical and mechanical properties that are very different from those of the matrix. In ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites, the metal matrix provides ductility and toughness, while usually used ceramic reinforcements give high strength and hardness. Tested ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites, reinforced with different types (SiC and Al2O3), amounts (0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%) and sizes (25 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm) of nanoparticles were produced through the compocasting process with mechanical alloying pre-processing (ball milling). It was previously shown that the presence of nanoparticles in ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites led to the formation of a finer structure in the nanocomposites matrix and an improvement in the basic mechanical properties (hardness and compressive yield strength) through the enhanced dislocation density strengthening mechanism. Solid particle erosive wear testing demonstrated that these improvements were followed with an increase in the erosive wear resistance of tested nanocomposites, as well. Additionally, by analyzing the influences of type, amount, and size of nanoparticles on the erosive wear resistance of nanocomposites, it was demonstrated that there is an optimal amount of nanoparticles, which in our case is 0.3 wt.%, and that the presence of SiC nanoparticles and smaller nanoparticles in nanocomposites had more beneficial influence on erosive wear resistance.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
OECD, Research Group on Wear of Engineering Materials. Glossary of Terms and Definitions in the Field of Friction, Wear and Lubrication: Tribology. Paris: OECD, 1969.
Kandeva M, Vencl A, Karastoyanov D. Advanced Tribological Coatings for Heavy-Duty Applications: Case Studies. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Science, 2016.
Zum Gahr K H. Microstructure and Wear of Materials. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.
Ericson F, Johansson S, Schweitz J Å. Hardness and fracture toughness of semiconducting materials studied by indentation and erosion techniques. Mater Sci Eng A 105–106: 131–141 (1988)
Lamy B. Effect of brittleness index and sliding speed on the morphology of surface scratching in abrasive or erosive processes. Tribol Int 17(1): 35–38 (1984)
Rohatgi P K, Schultz B. Lightweight metal matrix nanocomposites–Stretching the boundaries of metals. Mater Matt 2(4): 16–20 (2007)
ASTM International. ASTM B86-13 Standard specification for zinc and zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloy foundry and die castings. 2013.
Prasad B K, Yegneswaran A H, Patwardhan A K. Characterization of the wear response of a modified zincbased alloy vis-à-vis a conventional zinc-based alloy and a bearing bronze at a high sliding speed. Metall Materials Trans A 27(11): 3513–3523 (1996)
Gervais E, Barnhurst R J, Loong C A. An analysis of selected properties of ZA alloys. JOM 37(11): 43–47 (1985)
Lyon R. High strength zinc alloys for engineering applications in the motor car. Met Mater 1(1): 55–57 (1985)
Bobic B, Vencl A, Ružic J, Bobic I, Damnjanovic Z. Microstructural and basic mechanical characteristics of ZA27 alloy-based nanocomposites, synthesized by mechanical milling and compocasting. J Compos Mater: submitted for publication.
Vencl A, Bobic I, Jovanovic M T, Babic M, Mitrovic S. Microstructural and tribological properties of A356 Al-Si alloy reinforced with Al2O3 particles. Tribol Lett 32(3): 159–170 (2008)
Bobic I, Babic M, Vencl A, Bobic B, Mitrovic S. Artificial aging of thixocast ZA27 alloy and particulate ZA27/SiCp composites. Int J Mater Res 104(10): 954–965 (2013)
Wilson S, Ball A. Wear resistance of an aluminium matrix composite. In The Engineering Development and Application of Composite Materials. Johannesburg, South Africa, 1990.
Cousens A K. The erosion of ductile metals by solid particle impact. Ph.D Thesis. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1984.
Casati R, Vedani M. Metal matrix composites reinforced by nano-particles–A review. Metals, 4(1): 65–83 (2014)
Finnie I. Erosion of surfaces by solid particles. Wear 3(2): 87–103 (1960)
Laguna-Camacho J R, Vite-Torres M, Gallardo-Hernández E A, Vera-Cárdenas E E. Solid particle erosion on different metallic materials. In Tribology in Engineering. Pihtili H, Ed. Rijeka: InTech, 2013: 63–78.
Acknowledgements
This work has been performed as a part of activities within the projects TR 34028, TR 35021, and OI 172005. These projects are supported by the Republic of Serbia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, whose financial help is gratefully acknowledged. Petr Svoboda acknowledges the project LO1202, funded by the MEYS under the National Sustainability Programme I. Mara Kandeva acknowledges the project ДН 07/28-15.12.2016, funded by the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, Bulgaria. Collaboration through the CEEPUS network CIII-BG-0703 and the COST action CA15102 is also acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Aleksandar VENCL. He received his MSc degree in engineering materials in 2002 and PhD degree in tribology in 2008 from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at University of Belgrade, Serbia. His current position is a full professor and head of Tribology Laboratory at University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. His main research fields are friction and wear characteristics of materials (metals, polymers, ceramics and composites), surface modifications and coatings, lubricants (application, recycling and monitoring), nanotribology and failure diagnostic of tribological systems.
Ilija BOBIĆ. He received his BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in metallurgical engineering from the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy at University of Belgrade, Serbia. He joined the Laboratory for Materials at Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinca”, University of Belgrade from 1986. His current position is principal research fellow in the Laboratory for Materials. His main research interests include synthesis and characterization of metal-matrix composites with micro- and nanoceramic reinforcements and graphite, as well as casting of special metallic materials.
Biljana BOBIĆ. She received her BSc degree in electrochemistry and her PhD degree in metallurgical engineering from the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy at University of Belgrade, Serbia. She was employed at the Military Technical Institute–Belgrade. In 2013, she joined the Department of Electrochemistry at Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade. Her current position is senior research associate in the Department of Electrochemistry. Her principal research activities include corrosion engineering and surface characterization using electrochemical and microscopic techniques.
Kristina JAKIMOVSKA. She is an assistant professor at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Skopje, Macedonia. In 2005 she started working as teaching and research assistant at Institute of Mechanical Construction, Mechanization Machines and Vehicles at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Skopje. She received her PhD degree from the same faculty in 2014 and in 2015 she finished her post-doc studies in the framework of FP7 project–AComIn at the Institute of Information and Communication Technologies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia. Her research interests include tribology, transport and logistics, mechanization machines, and materials.
Petr SVOBODA. He received his MSc and PhD degrees in mechanical engineering from Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. His current position is an associate professor and member of elastohydrodynamic lubrication section at tribology group, Institute of Machine and Industrial Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology. His research areas cover the boundary, mixed and elastohydrodynamic lubrication, starvation, surface texturing effect and lubricant rheology.
Mara KANDEVA. She is a professor at the Faculty of Industrial Technologies (FIT) and head of the Center “Tribology” at the Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria. She is author and co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, monographs and textbooks on tribology and machine dynamics. She was chairman of the Balkan Tribological Association (2008−2010) and is currently president of the Society of Bulgarian Tribologists (2008 − up to now).
Rights and permissions
Open Access: The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Vencl, A., Bobić, I., Bobić, B. et al. Erosive wear properties of ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites: Influence of type, amount, and size of nanoparticle reinforcements. Friction 7, 340–350 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0222-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0222-x