Abstract
In this study, the tribological behavior of an ammonium-based protic ionic liquid (PIL) as an additive in a base mineral oil (MO) is investigated on a steel-steel contact at room temperature and 100 °C. Tri-[bis(2-hydroxyethylammonium)] citrate (DCi) was synthesized in a simple and low-cost way, and the ionic structure of DCi was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The stability measurement of 1 wt% DCi to a MO was investigated, and the lubricating ability and anti-wear properties of DCi as an additive in MO were also examined using a custom-designed reciprocating ball-on-flat tribometer. Optical microscope and profilometry were used to obtain the worn morphology of the steel disks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out to investigate the wear mechanism and to analyze the surface interactions between the rubbing components. When 1 wt% DCi is added into the base MO, frictional performance is improved at both temperatures studied with a friction reduction of 29.0% and 35.5%, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 1 wt% DCi to MO reduced the wear volume 59.4% compared to the use of MO. An oxygen-richened tribolayer is confirmed by EDS on the disk surface when DCi was used as additive under 100 °C.
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Hong GUO. She received her B.E. degree in metal material in 2010 from Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Then she earned her M.S. degree in functional metal materials from Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, in 2014. Now she is a Ph.D. candidate in the Tribology Laboratory of the Kate Gleason College of Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology. Her current research focuses on investigation of environmentally friendly ionic liquids as lubricants or lubricant additives, sliding and rolling friction of materials, and lubrication and wear mechanism of different tribology systems.
Patricia IGLESIAS. She earned her Ph.D. in mechanical engineering with focus on tribology from the Polytechnic University of Cartagena (Spain). Dr. Iglesias also worked as a post-doctoral researcher in the Center for Materials Processing and Tribology at Purdue University. Currently, she is an associate professor and the director of the Tribology Laboratory in the Kate Gleason College of Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Her research focuses on wear and friction of materials, ionic liquids as lubricants and additives of lubricants, bio-lubricants, nanostructured materials, and textured surfaces. Dr. Iglesias has extensive experience working on tribology and has published 35 peer-reviewed articles and more than 38 conference proceedings in the area.
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Guo, H., Iglesias, P. Tribological behavior of ammonium-based protic ionic liquid as lubricant additive. Friction 9, 169–178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0378-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0378-z