Abstract
In this paper, we establish some new Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities involving multiple interior points with the first-order derivative bounded by functions instead of constants, some of which provide sharp bounds. Then we establish a new 2D Ostrowski-Grüss type inequality involving multiple interior points with the second mixed partial derivative bounded by functions. For illustrating the applications of the Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities established, we apply them to derive error bounds for some numerical integration formulae.
MSC:26D10, 26D20.
Similar content being viewed by others
1 Introduction
As is known, the Ostrowski-type inequality [1] can be used to estimate the absolute deviation of a function from its integral mean, while the Grüss inequality [2] can be used to estimate the absolute deviation of the integral of the product of two functions from the product of their respective integral. Recently, various generalizations of the Ostrowski inequality and the Grüss inequality have been established (for example, see [3–21] and the references therein). These inequalities can be used to provide explicit error bounds for numerical quadrature formulae such as the Simpson quadrature formula, trapezoid quadrature formula and so on. Among the generalizations, many Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities have been established [13–21]. Now we list some important results in the literature.
In [13], Dragomir et al. presented an Ostrowski-Grüss type inequality for the first time as follows:
for all , where γ, Γ are two constants such that , .
In [14], under the same conditions as above, Matić et al. improved the above result to the following form:
Then in [15], Cheng presented a sharp inequality as follows:
This inequality is sharp in the sense that the constant cannot be replaced by a smaller one.
In [16], Feng et al. further generalized the inequalities above, and presented a sharp Ostrowski-Grüss type inequality involving multiple interior points as follows:
where , , are interior points, , , , , , , and γ, Γ are defined as before.
We notice that little attention is paid to the Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities involving multiple interior points with bounded by functions instead of constants so far in the literature. So, in this paper, motivated by the above works, we extend the Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities to the case involving multiple interior points with the bounds of shown as , . Some bounds will be derived based on the inequalities, and some of the bounds are sharp. A new 2D Ostrowski-Grüss type inequality will also be derived with the bounds of shown as , , . We also present some applications for the Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities established, in which new error bounds for some numerical integration formulae are derived.
2 Main results
Lemma 2.1 [[16], Lemma 2.1]
Let be an open interval, , . is a differential function. Furthermore, suppose that , , is a division of the interval , and , , , . Then we have
where
Lemma 2.2 Let
where . Then .
Proof Based on the definition of , we have
□
Theorem 2.1 Under the conditions of Lemma 2.1, if there exist two functions , with , , then the following inequality holds:
Proof Consider
and
Combining (8)-(10) and Lemma 2.1, we obtain the desired result. □
Corollary 2.1 Under the conditions of Lemma 2.1, if , , where , are two constants, then we have the following inequality:
Proof In fact, in (7) we have , . On the other hand,
Then, combining (7) and (12), we get the desired inequality (11). □
Next we present a sharp Ostrowski-Grüss type inequality containing multiple interior points with bounded by functions as follows.
Theorem 2.2 Under the conditions of Lemma 2.1, if there exist two functions , with , , then we have the following inequality:
where is defined as in Lemma 2.2.
The inequality (13) is sharp in the sense that the constant on the right-hand side cannot be replaced by a smaller one.
Proof We have the following observations:
and
Combining (14) and (15), we obtain the desired inequality (13).
To prove the sharpness of (13), we take , , , , , , and
where , are two constants with . Then one can see
and
So, in fact, , . According to the left-side hand of (15), we have
while according to the right-side hand of (15), we also have
So, (15) holds in the equality form, which confirms the proof. □
Corollary 2.2 Under the conditions of Lemma 2.1, if , , where , are two constants, then we have the following inequality:
Remark 2.1 In Corollary 2.2, if we take , , , , , , then Corollary 2.2 becomes the trapezoid-type inequality, which provides error bound for the trapezoid quadrature formula in calculating .
where , .
If we take , , , , , , , , then Corollary 2.2 becomes the following Ostroski-Grüss type inequality as denoted in (1) [[15], Th. 1.5]:
where
If we take , , , , , , , , then Corollary 2.2 becomes the following Simpson-type inequality, which provides better bound than the corresponding result in [21] (the constant on the right-side hand of the inequality is therein).
where
Remark 2.2 Under the conditions of Corollary 2.2, furthermore, assume that the conditions of [[16], Th. 2.4] hold. Then, proceeding in the same manner as the proof in [[16], Eqs. (13)-(14)], we obtain . So, Corollary 2.2 provides better bound than the inequality in (2) [[16], Th. 2.4].
In the following, we extend the result in Theorem 2.1 to 2D case, in which is bounded by two functions.
Theorem 2.3 Let be an absolutely continuous function such that the second-order mixed partial derivative exists and there exist two functions , with , , . Suppose that , , . is a division of the interval , while is a division of the interval . , , , , , , . Then
where
Proof Similar to [[16], Eq. (21)], we obtain that
On the other hand, we have
and
Combining (22)-(24), we get the desired inequality (20). □
Corollary 2.3 Under the conditions of Theorem 2.3, if there exist two constants , such that , then we have the following inequality:
Proof In fact, in (20) we have , . Furthermore, we have the following observation:
Combining (20) and (26), we obtain the desired result. □
Remark 2.3 In Corollary 2.3, if we take , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , then Corollary 2.3 becomes the 2D Simpson-type inequality.
3 Applications to numerical quadrature formulae
In this section, we present some applications of the results established above, and derive error bounds for some numerical quadrature formulae.
Example 1 Let be a numerical quadrature formula for , and denote
Theorem 3.1 For (27), if there exist two functions , with , , and
where is a division of , , , and
then we have the following estimate:
Proof Applying Theorem 2.2 (with replaced by , , , , , , , , , we obtain that
where
Furthermore,
and
Combining (30), (32) and (33) and a summation with respect to i from 0 to yield (29). □
Corollary 3.1 Under the conditions of Theorem 3.1, if there exist two constants , with , , , , and denote the Simpson complex formula, that is,
then we have
Proof Considering and , from (29) we can obtain (33). □
Example 2 Let be a numerical quadrature formula for , and denote
Theorem 3.2 For (35), if there exist two functions , with , , , and
where is a division of the interval , while is a division of the interval , , , , and
then we have the following estimate:
The desired result can be obtained by a suitable application of Theorem 2.3 (with replaced by , replaced by , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ), and a summation with respect to i, j from 0 to .
In Theorem 3.2, after a simple computation, one can see . So, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 3.2 Under the conditions of Theorem 3.2, if there exist two constants , with , , , , , and denote the 2D Simpson complex formula, that is,
then we have the following estimate:
4 Conclusions
We have established some new Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities involving multiple interior points with the derivatives bounded by functions in both 1D and 2D cases and derived some sharp bounds related to them. As one can see, the inequalities are of new forms and provide better bounds than some existing results in the literature. As for applications, new error bounds for some numerical quadrature formulae are derived based on the inequalities established.
References
Ostrowski A: Über die Absolutabweichung einer differentiierbaren Funktion von ihren Integralmittelwert. Comment. Math. Helv. 1938, 10: 226–227.
Grüss G: Über das Maximum des absoluten Betrages von . Math. Z. 1935, 39: 215–226. 10.1007/BF01201355
Alomari M, Darus M, Dragomir SS, Cerone P: Ostrowski type inequalities for functions whose derivatives are s -convex in the second sense. Appl. Math. Lett. 2010, 23: 1071–1076. 10.1016/j.aml.2010.04.038
Anastassiou GA: High order Ostrowski type inequalities. Appl. Math. Lett. 2007, 20: 616–621. 10.1016/j.aml.2006.07.005
Tseng KL, Hwang SR, Yang GS, Chou YM: Improvements of the Ostrowski integral inequality for mappings of bounded variation I. Appl. Math. Comput. 2010, 217: 2348–2355. 10.1016/j.amc.2010.07.034
Dragomir SS: The discrete version of Ostrowski inequalities in normed linear spaces. J. Inequal. Pure Appl. Math. 2002., 3(1): Article ID 2
Dragomir SS, Sofo A: An inequality for monotonic functions generalizing Ostrowski and related results. Comput. Math. Appl. 2006, 51: 497–506. 10.1016/j.camwa.2005.08.029
Cerone P, Cheung WS, Dragomir SS: On Ostrowski type inequalities for Stieltjes integrals with absolutely continuous integrands and integrators of bounded variation. Comput. Math. Appl. 2007, 54: 183–191. 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.12.023
Liu Z: Some Ostrowski type inequalities. Math. Comput. Model. 2008, 48: 949–960. 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.12.004
Pachpatte BG: On an inequality of Ostrowski type in three independent variables. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2000, 249: 583–591. 10.1006/jmaa.2000.6913
Xue QL, Zhu J, Liu WJ: A new generalization of Ostrowski-type inequality involving functions of two independent variables. Comput. Math. Appl. 2010, 60: 2219–2224. 10.1016/j.camwa.2010.08.011
Aljinović AA, Pečarić J: Discrete weighted Montgomery identity and discrete Ostrowski type inequalities. Comput. Math. Appl. 2004, 48: 731–745. 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.03.004
Dragomir SS, Wang S: An inequality of Ostrowski-Grüss’ type and its applications to the estimation of error bounds for some special means and for some numerical quadrature rules. Comput. Math. Appl. 1997, 33(11):15–20. 10.1016/S0898-1221(97)00084-9
Ujević N: New bounds for the first inequality of Ostrowski-Grüss type and applications. Comput. Math. Appl. 2003, 46: 421–427. 10.1016/S0898-1221(03)90035-6
Cheng XL: Improvement of some Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities. Comput. Math. Appl. 2001, 42: 109–114. 10.1016/S0898-1221(01)00135-3
Feng QH, Meng FW: Some generalized Ostrowski-Grüss type integral inequalities. Comput. Math. Appl. 2012, 63: 652–659. 10.1016/j.camwa.2011.11.017
Niezgoda M: A new inequality of Ostrowski-Grüss type and applications to some numerical quadrature rules. Comput. Math. Appl. 2009, 58: 589–596. 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.03.089
Matić M, Pečarić J, Ujević N: Improvement and further generalization of inequalities of Ostrowski-Grüss type. Comput. Math. Appl. 2000, 39: 161–175.
Liu Z: Some Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities and applications. Comput. Math. Appl. 2007, 53: 73–79. 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.12.021
Yang S: A unified approach to some inequalities of Ostrowski-Grüss type. Comput. Math. Appl. 2006, 51: 1047–1056. 10.1016/j.camwa.2005.09.005
Pearce CEM, Pečarić J, Ujević N, Varos̆anec S: Generalizations of some inequalities of Ostrowski-Grüss type. Math. Inequal. Appl. 2000, 3(1):25–34.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the referees very much for their valuable suggestions on improving this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions
QF carried out the main part of this article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Feng, Q., Meng, F. New Ostrowski-Grüss type inequalities with the derivatives bounded by functions. J Inequal Appl 2013, 456 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-456
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-456