Abstract
Recently, Karapınar and Tas (Comput. Math. Appl. 61:3370-3380, 2011) extended the class of Suzuki-generalized nonexpansive mappings to the class of SKC mappings. In this paper, we investigate SKC mappings to get a criterion to guarantee a fixed point, via extending the results proved by Karapınar and Tas into the class of spaces. Further, by using Ishikawa-type iteration scheme for two mappings, we derive approximation fixed point sequence. Our results extend, improve and unify some existing results in this direction, such as (Nonlinear Anal. Hybrid Syst. 4:25-31, 2010) by Nanjaras et al. or (Comput. Math. Appl. 61:109-116, 2011) by Khan and Abbas.
MSC:47H09, 47H10, 49M05.
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1 Introduction
In 2008, Suzuki [1] introduced a class of single valued mappings
which lies between the class of mappings nonexpansiveness and quasi-nonexpansiveness. Later, such mappings were called Suzuki-type nonexpansive. In this interesting paper [1], Suzuki determine the existence of a fixed point of such mappings. In 2009 Dhompongsa et al. [2] improved the results of Suzuki [1]. In this distinguished paper [2], the authors obtained a fixed point result for mappings with condition (C) on a Banach space under certain conditions. Afterwards Nanjaras et al. [3] gave some characterization of existing fixed point results for mappings with condition (C) in the framework of spaces. Recently, Khan and Abbas [4] derived some fixed point results via different iterative schemes for nonexpansive mappings in spaces (see also [5]). Very recently, Karapınar and Tas [6] proposed some new classes of mappings which substantially generalized the notion of Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings. The subject of this paper is to extend the mentioned results above for the class of SKC mappings [6] in the framework of spaces. Furthermore, by using Ishikawa-type iteration scheme, we derive some common fixed point results via approximation fixed point sequences. The results we present in this article improve and unify some existing results in this direction, such as [2] and [4].
2 Preliminaries
First of all, we recollect some fundamental definition and results from the report of Dhompongsa and Panyanak [7].
For a metric space , a map with , , and
is called a geodesic from x to y in X. The image of c is said to be a geodesic segment joining the points x and y. A geodesic segment is denoted by , if it is unique.
Let . The subset Y of X is called convex if Y includes each geodesic segment joining for any two points in Y.
Definition 2.1 A metric space is called a geodesic space if all are joined by a geodesic.
In a geodesic metric space , the triple is said to be a geodesic triangle where the points , , in X are considered as the vertices of △ and a geodesic segment between each pair of vertices becomes the edges of △. A triangle in the Euclidean plane such that for is called a comparison triangle for the geodesic triangle . A geodesic space is called a space [8–12] if all geodesic triangles of appropriate size satisfy the following comparison axiom.
:
for all and all comparison points .
Let x, , be points in a space . If is the midpoint of the segment , then we have [13]
In fact, a geodesic space is a space if and only if it satisfies the (CN) inequality; please, see [8].
Lemma 2.1 ([7])
Let be a CAT space. Then:
-
(i)
is uniquely geodesic.
-
(ii)
Let be points of X, let , and let and denote, respectively, the points of and which satisfy and . Then
(2.1) -
(iii)
Let , and such that . Then .
-
(iv)
Let . For each , there exists a unique point such that
(2.2)
Throughout the paper, we will use the notation for the unique point z satisfying (2.2).
Let be a bounded sequence in a space X. For , we set
The asymptotic radius of is given by
and the asymptotic center of is the set
In a space, asymptotic center consists of exactly one point [14].
A sequence in X is called △-convergent to [15, 16], denoted by if x is the unique asymptotic center of , for every subsequence of .
We set .
Lemma 2.2 ([7])
Let X be a space. Then:
-
(1)
Every bounded sequence in X has a △-convergent subsequence.
-
(2)
If C is a closed and convex subset of X, and if is a bounded sequence in C, then the asymptotic center of is in C.
-
(3)
The following inequality:
holds, for all and .
-
(4)
The following inequality:
holds, for all and .
Let K be a nonempty subset of a space X. A mapping is said to satisfy condition (C) if
Nanjaras et al. [3] proved that a self mapping satisfying condition (C), and defined on a nonempty bounded and closed subset of a complete space has a fixed point.
The following definitions are basically due to Karapınar and Tas [6] but here we state them in the framework of spaces.
Let K be a nonempty subset of a space X. A mapping is said to be:
-
(1)
a Suzuki-Ćirić conditioned mapping (SCC) if
-
(2)
a Suzuki-Karapınar conditioned mapping (SKC) if
-
(3)
a Kannan-Suzuki conditioned mapping (KSC) if
-
(4)
a Chatterjea-Suzuki conditioned mapping (CSC) if
For further details on these mappings and their implications, we refer to [6] and references therein.
The following are some basic properties of SKC mappings whose proofs in the setup of spaces follow the same lines as those of Propositions 11, 14, and 19 in [6], and therefore we omit them.
Proposition 2.1 Let K be a nonempty subset of a space X. An SKC mapping is quasi-nonexpansive provided that the set of fixed point of T is nonempty.
Proposition 2.2 Let K be a nonempty closed subset of a space X and an SKC mapping then the set of fixed point of T is closed.
Proposition 2.3 Let K be a nonempty subset of a space X and an SKC mapping, then
holds, for all x, y in K.
Propositions similar to above can be stated for the class of KSC and CSC mappings in the framework of spaces.
An Ishikawa-type iteration process for two mappings S and T is defined by
for all , where .
When , we have another Ishikawa iteration-type process:
for all , where .
When , the identity mapping, we have Krasnoselkii-type iteration process:
for all , where .
The purpose of this paper is:
-
(i)
To extend existence results given in [6] to the class of SKC mappings in spaces. Consequently, corresponding results for KSC and CSC mappings are also extended to spaces.
-
(ii)
To prove some strong and △-convergence results for two SKC mappings using (2.3) in spaces.
3 Main results
In the sequel, denotes the set of fixed points of T and F the set of common fixed points of T and S. The next two theorems give the existence of fixed points of SKC mappings under different conditions on C.
Theorem 3.1 Let us consider the nonempty set C be closed, bounded and convex subset of a space X, and an SKC mapping. Define a sequence as in (2.5). Then T has a fixed point in C provided that is an approximate fixed point sequence, that is, .
Proof Since is a bounded sequence in C, consists of exactly one point by ([14], Proposition 7). Suppose that . Using Lemma 2.2, we obtain . Since T is an SKC mapping, therefore
which on taking lim sup on both sides implies that
Hence, we have
Uniqueness of asymptotic centers now implies that . □
Theorem 3.2 Let C be a nonempty compact convex subset of a space X, a SKC mapping, then and given by (2.5) converge strongly to a fixed point of T provided that is an approximate fixed point sequence.
Proof Since C is compact, we obtain a subsequence of and p in C such that as . By Proposition 2.3, we have
for all . Now taking the limit as , we obtain , which implies that . Now for such p,
Thus exists and hence converges strongly to p. □
To prepare for our approximation results, we start with the following useful lemma.
Lemma 3.1 (See [4])
Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a space X, be two SKC mappings. Define a sequence as in (2.3). If , then:
-
(i)
exists, for all .
-
(ii)
.
We now give our △-convergence results.
Theorem 3.3 Let X, C, T, S and be as in Lemma 3.1. If , then △-converges to a common fixed point of T and S.
Proof Let . Then by Lemma 3.1, exists, for all . Thus sequence is bounded. Also, Lemma 3.1 gives
First, we show that .
Let , then there exists a subsequence of such that . Since being a subsequence of is bounded, by Lemma 2.2 there exists a subsequence of such that , for some . Since and T is SKC mapping, therefore
which on taking lim sup on both sides implies that
Hence, we have
Since is △-convergent to v, thus v is unique asymptotic center for every subsequence of . Hence uniqueness of asymptotic centers implies that . That is, .
A similar argument shows that and hence .
We now claim that .
By reductio ad absurdum, assume that . Then, by the uniqueness of asymptotic centers, we have
a contradiction. Thus, and hence .
To show that is △-convergent to a common fixed point of T and S, it suffices to show that consists of exactly one point.
Let be a subsequence of . By Lemma 2.2, there exists a subsequence of such that , for some . Let and . We have already seen that and . Finally, we claim that . If not, then by existence of and uniqueness of asymptotic centers, we have
a contradiction and hence . Therefore, . □
Remark 3.1 The above theorem extends Theorem 4 of Khan and Abbas [4] to SKC mappings.
Although the following is a corollary to our above theorem, yet it is new in itself.
Corollary 3.1 Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a space X, an SKC mapping. Let be as in (2.4). If , then the sequence is △-convergent to a fixed point of T.
Proof Take in Theorem 3.3. □
The following corollary extends Theorem 30 of Karapınar and Tas [6] to the setting of a space.
Corollary 3.2 Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a space X, an SKC mapping. If , then the sequence defined in (2.5) △-converges to a fixed point of T.
Proof Take , the identity mapping, in Theorem 3.3. □
Following Senter and Dotson [17], Khan and Fukhar-ud-din [18] introduced the so-called condition for two mappings and gave an improved version of it in [19] as in the following.
Two mappings are said to satisfy the condition if there exists a nondecreasing function with , for all such that either or for all .
This condition becomes condition of Senter and Dotson [17] whenever .
Nanjaras et al. [3] obtained a strong convergence result for a Suzuki-generalized nonexpansive mappings employing condition .
In the following, we will use condition to study the strong convergence of sequence defined in Lemma 3.1.
Theorem 3.4 Let C be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a space X, be two SKC mappings satisfying condition . If , then the sequence given in (2.3) converges strongly to a common fixed point of S and T.
Proof By Lemma 3.1, it follows that exists for all . Let this limit be c, where .
If , there is nothing to prove.
Suppose that . Now, gives that
which means that and so exists.
By using the condition , either
or
In both cases, we have
Since f is a nondecreasing function and , it follows that .
Next, we show that is a Cauchy sequence in C.
Let be arbitrarily chosen. Since , there exists a positive integer such that
In particular, . Thus there must exist such that
Now, for all , we have
Hence is a Cauchy sequence in a closed subset C of a complete space and so it must converge to a point p in C.
Now, gives and closedness of F forces p to be in F. □
Remark 3.2 The above theorem extends Theorem 6 of Khan and Abbas [4] to SKC mappings.
Although the following is a corollary to Theorem 3.4, yet it is new in itself.
Corollary 3.3 Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a space X, an SKC mapping satisfying condition . Let be as in (2.4). If , then converge strongly to a fixed point of T.
Proof Take in Theorem 3.4. □
The following corollary extends Theorem 5.5 of Nanjaras et al. [3] to SKC mappings and, in turn, the results involving KSC and CSC mappings.
Corollary 3.4 Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of a space X, an SKC mapping satisfying condition . Let be as in (2.5). If , then converge strongly to a fixed point of T.
Proof Take , the identity mapping, in Theorem 3.4. □
Remark 3.3 (1) Theorem 4.4 of Nanjaras et al. [3] about the existence of common fixed point of a countable family of commuting maps can now be extended to a countable family of SKC mappings.
-
(2)
Theorem 5 of Khan and Abbas [4] can also be extended to SKC mappings.
-
(3)
Theorem 25 and Theorem 32 of Karapınar and Tas [6] and their corollaries can now be extended to the setting of a space.
-
(4)
Results for KSC and CSC mappings or for mappings given in [6] satisfying the so-called conditions and in the setup of spaces can also be obtained from corresponding results proved in this paper. As a matter of fact, these results are special cases of our results presented here.
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Abbas, M., Khan, S.H. & Postolache, M. Existence and approximation results for SKC mappings in spaces. J Inequal Appl 2014, 212 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-212
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-212