Abstract
In order to achieve the lunar subsurface sounding and planetary radio wave observations by the Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) onboard the SELENE spacecraft, strict electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements were applied for all instruments and the whole system of the spacecraft. In order to detect the lunar subsurface echoes from a depth of 5 km, the radiated emission (RE) limit was determined to be −10 dBμV/m and the common-mode (CM) current limit to be 20 dBμA. The EMC performance of the spacecraft was finally evaluated in the system EMC test held from Oct. 20 to Oct. 22, 2005. There is no broadband noise but some narrowband noises at a level above the CM-current limit in a frequency range from 4 to 6 MHz, in which radar soundings are operated. Based on the noise spectrum within 4–6 MHz, the noise level of FMCW radar sounder is estimated to be 14 dB lower than the CM-current limit. In the SELENE EMC test, the following new techniques were introduced: (1) systematic control and evaluation of CM-current noises were first performed to improve the spacecraft EMC performance; (2) onboard battery operation was utilized for reduction of ambient broadband noises during EMC measurements.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dulk, G. A., W. C. Erickson, R. Manning, and J.-L. Bougeret, Calibration of low-frequency radio telescopes using the galactic background radiation, Astron. Astrophys., 365, 294–300, 2001.
Kasahara, Y., Y. Goto, K. Hashimoto, T. Imachi, A. Kumamoto, T. Ono, and H. Matsumoto, Plasma wave observation using waveform capture in the Lunar Radar Sounder on board the SELENE spacecraft, Earth Planets Space, 60, this issue, 341–351, 2008.
Kimura, I., K. Hashimoto, I. Nagano, T. Okada, M. Yamamoto, T. Yoshino, H. Matsumoto, M. Ejiri, and K. Hayashi, VLF observations by the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 42, 459–478, 1990.
Kobayashi, T. and T. Ono, Estimation of planetary surface roughness using radio sounder A-scope data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E06S10, doi:10.1029/2005JE002575, 2006.
Kobayashi, T. and T. Ono, SAR/InSAR observation by an HF sounder, J. Geophys. Res., 112, E03S90, doi:10.1029/2005JE002576, 2007.
Kobayashi, T., H. Oya, and T. Ono, A-scope analysis of subsurface radar sounding of lunar mare region, Earth Planets Space, 54, 973–982, 2002a.
Kobayashi, T., H. Oya, and T. Ono, B-scan analysis of subsurface radar sounding of lunar highland region, Earth Planets Space, 54, 983–991, 2002b.
Manning, R. and G. A. Dulk, The Galactic background radiation from 0.2 to 13.8 MHz, Astron. Astrophys., 372, 663–666, 2001.
Matsumoto, H., I. Nagano, R. R. Anderson, H. Kojima, K. Hashimoto, M. Tsutsui, T. Okada, I. Kimura, Y. Omura, and M. Okada, Plasma wave observations with Geotail spacecraft, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 46, 59–95, 1994.
Matsumoto, H., T. Okada, K. Hashimoto, I. Nagano, S. Yagitani, M. Tsutsui, Y. Kasaba, K. Tsuruda, H. Hayakawa, A. Matsuoka, S. Watanabe, H. Ueda, I. Kimura, Y. Kasahara, Y. Omura, T. Matsumura, T. Imachi, K. Ishisaka, and Y. Tateno, Low Frequency plasma wave Analyzer (LFA) onboard the PLANET-B spacecraft, Earth Planets Space, 50, 223–228, 1998.
Ono, T. and H. Oya, Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) experiment onboard the SELENE spacecraft, Earth Planets Space, 52, 629–637, 2000.
Ono, T, H. Oya, A. Morioka, A. Kumamoto, K. Kobayashi, T. Obara, and T. Nakagawa, Plasma Waves and Sounder (PWS) experiment onboard the Planet-B Mars orbiter, Earth Planets Space, 50, 213–221, 1998.
Ono, T., A. Kumamoto, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Yamaji, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kasahara, and H. Oya, Instrumentation and observation target of the Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) experiment on-board the SELENE spacecraft, Earth Planets Space, 60, this issue, 321–332, 2008.
Oya, H, A. Morioka, K. Kobayashi, M. Iizima, T. Ono, H. Miyaoka, T. Okada, and T. Obara, Plasma wave observation and sounder experiments (PWS) using the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite—Instrumentation and initial results including discovery of the high altitude equatorial plasma turbulence, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 42, 411–442, 1990.
Tsutsui, M., H. Kojima, I. Nagano, H. Sato, T. Okada, H. Matsumoto, T. Mukai, and M. Kawaguchi, Magnetic radiations from harness wires of spacecraft, IEICE Trans. Commun., E75-B, 174–182, 1992.
US Department of Defense, Characteristics of subsystems and equipment MIL-STD-461E, 1999.
Zarka, P., Auroral radio emissions at the outer planets: Observations and theories, J. Geophys. Res., 103(E9), 20,159–20,194, 1998.
Zarka, P., B. Cecconi, and W. S. Kurth, Jupiter’s low-frequency radio spectrum from Cassini/Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) absolute flux density measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A09S15, doi:10.1029/2003JA010260, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Kumamoto, A., Ono, T., Kasahara, Y. et al. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) evaluation of the SELENE spacecraft for the lunar radar sounder (LRS) observations. Earth Planet Sp 60, 333–340 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352798
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352798