Abstract
The phenomenon of cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP) is expected to occur during the period of inflation and the transition into a hot big bang cosmology. Particles may be produced even if they only couple directly to gravity, and so CGPP provides a natural explanation for the origin of dark matter. In this work we study the gravitational production of massive spin-2 particles assuming two different couplings to matter. We evaluate the full system of mode equations, including the helicity-0 modes, and by solving them numerically we calculate the spectrum and abundance of massive spin-2 particles that results from inflation on a hilltop potential. We conclude that CGPP might provide a viable mechanism for the generation of massive spin-2 particle dark matter during inflation, and we identify the favorable region of parameter space in terms of the spin-2 particle’s mass and the reheating temperature. As a secondary product of our work, we identify the conditions under which such theories admit ghost or gradient instabilities, and we thereby derive a generalization of the Higuchi bound to Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetimes.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Andrew Tolley for illuminating discussions of the FRW-generalized Higuchi bound. We also thank Matteo Fasiello and Austin Joyce for guidance at the beginning of this project. The work of E.W.K. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-FG02-13ER41958. A.J.L. and S.L. are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Award No. PHY-2114024. R.A.R. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0011941. Algebraic manipulation of tensor quantities and the SVT decomposition were performed using xAct [71], a collection of Mathematica packages available for free on the website http://xact.es/faq.html.
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Kolb, E.W., Ling, S., Long, A.J. et al. Cosmological gravitational particle production of massive spin-2 particles. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 181 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)181
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)181