Abstract
We construct a new framework to calculate the enhancement of axion masses and concomitant effects on axion-meson mixing arising from small size instantons (SSIs), which originate in models featuring an extended color gauge symmetry. The framework is based on an explicit evaluation of ‘t Hooft determinantal operators that partition into instanton amplitudes, affording a more precise determination of the axion-diphoton coupling than previous results. Using an explicit model first presented in ref. [1], we demonstrate that axions solving the strong CP problem can have electroweak scale masses and higher, driven by SSI effects. Such collider axions are prime targets for resonance searches at the Large Hadron Collider and afford a unique anchor for motivating extended color symmetries.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M.K. Gaillard, M.B. Gavela, R. Houtz, P. Quilez and R. Del Rey, Color unified dynamical axion, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 972 [arXiv:1805.06465] [INSPIRE].
R.D. Peccei and H.R. Quinn, CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (1977) 1440 [INSPIRE].
C.A. Baker et al., An Improved experimental limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 131801 [hep-ex/0602020] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Pendlebury et al., Revised experimental upper limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 092003 [arXiv:1509.04411] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, Review of Particle Physics, PTEP 2020 (2020) 083C01 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, A New Light Boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 223 [INSPIRE].
F. Wilczek, Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 279 [INSPIRE].
J.E. Kim, Weak Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (1979) 103 [INSPIRE].
M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein and V.I. Zakharov, Can Confinement Ensure Natural CP Invariance of Strong Interactions?, Nucl. Phys. B 166 (1980) 493 [INSPIRE].
M. Dine, W. Fischler and M. Srednicki, A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion, Phys. Lett. B 104 (1981) 199 [INSPIRE].
A.R. Zhitnitsky, On Possible Suppression of the Axion Hadron Interactions (In Russian), Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31 (1980) 260 [INSPIRE].
S.M. Barr and D. Seckel, Planck scale corrections to axion models, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 539 [INSPIRE].
M. Kamionkowski and J. March-Russell, Planck scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, Phys. Lett. B 282 (1992) 137 [hep-th/9202003] [INSPIRE].
S. Ghigna, M. Lusignoli and M. Roncadelli, Instability of the invisible axion, Phys. Lett. B 283 (1992) 278 [INSPIRE].
J.E. Kim, A composite invisible axion, Phys. Rev. D 31 (1985) 1733 [INSPIRE].
K. Choi and J.E. Kim, Dynamical axion, Phys. Rev. D 32 (1985) 1828 [INSPIRE].
L. Randall, Composite axion models and Planck scale physics, Phys. Lett. B 284 (1992) 77 [INSPIRE].
V.A. Rubakov, Grand unification and heavy axion, JETP Lett. 65 (1997) 621 [hep-ph/9703409] [INSPIRE].
K.-w. Choi, A QCD axion from higher dimensional gauge field, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 101602 [hep-ph/0308024] [INSPIRE].
P. Svrček and E. Witten, Axions In String Theory, JHEP 06 (2006) 051 [hep-th/0605206] [INSPIRE].
L. Di Luzio, M. Giannotti, E. Nardi and L. Visinelli, The landscape of QCD axion models, Phys. Rept. 870 (2020) 1 [arXiv:2003.01100] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal and K. Howe, Factoring the Strong CP Problem, JHEP 12 (2018) 029 [arXiv:1710.04213] [INSPIRE].
P. Agrawal and K. Howe, A Flavorful Factoring of the Strong CP Problem, JHEP 12 (2018) 035 [arXiv:1712.05803] [INSPIRE].
C. Csáki, M. Ruhdorfer and Y. Shirman, UV Sensitivity of the Axion Mass from Instantons in Partially Broken Gauge Groups, JHEP 04 (2020) 031 [arXiv:1912.02197] [INSPIRE].
T. Gherghetta, N. Nagata and M. Shifman, A Visible QCD Axion from an Enlarged Color Group, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 115010 [arXiv:1604.01127] [INSPIRE].
A. Valenti, L. Vecchi and L.-X. Xu, Grand Color axion, JHEP 10 (2022) 025 [arXiv:2206.04077] [INSPIRE].
B. Holdom and M.E. Peskin, Raising the Axion Mass, Nucl. Phys. B 208 (1982) 397 [INSPIRE].
Z. Berezhiani, L. Gianfagna and M. Giannotti, Strong CP problem and mirror world: The Weinberg-Wilczek axion revisited, Phys. Lett. B 500 (2001) 286 [hep-ph/0009290] [INSPIRE].
A. Hook, Anomalous solutions to the strong CP problem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 141801 [arXiv:1411.3325] [INSPIRE].
H. Fukuda, K. Harigaya, M. Ibe and T.T. Yanagida, Model of visible QCD axion, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 015021 [arXiv:1504.06084] [INSPIRE].
S. Dimopoulos, A. Hook, J. Huang and G. Marques-Tavares, A collider observable QCD axion, JHEP 11 (2016) 052 [arXiv:1606.03097] [INSPIRE].
A. Hook, TASI Lectures on the Strong CP Problem and Axions, PoS TASI2018 (2019) 004 [arXiv:1812.02669] [INSPIRE].
A. Hook, S. Kumar, Z. Liu and R. Sundrum, High Quality QCD Axion and the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 (2020) 221801 [arXiv:1911.12364] [INSPIRE].
I.-W. Kim and J.E. Kim, Modification of decay constants of superstring axions: Effects of flux compactification and axion mixing, Phys. Lett. B 639 (2006) 342 [hep-th/0605256] [INSPIRE].
J.E. Kim and G. Carosi, Axions and the Strong CP Problem, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 (2010) 557 [Erratum ibid. 91 (2019) 049902] [arXiv:0807.3125] [INSPIRE].
H. Georgi, D.B. Kaplan and L. Randall, Manifesting the Invisible Axion at Low-energies, Phys. Lett. B 169 (1986) 73 [INSPIRE].
D.B. Kaplan, Opening the Axion Window, Nucl. Phys. B 260 (1985) 215 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, The U(1) Problem, Phys. Rev. D 11 (1975) 3583 [INSPIRE].
Z. Fodor et al., Up and down quark masses and corrections to Dashen’s theorem from lattice QCD and quenched QED, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 082001 [arXiv:1604.07112] [INSPIRE].
G. ‘t Hooft, Symmetry Breaking Through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 (1976) 8 [INSPIRE].
G. ‘t Hooft, How Instantons Solve the U(1) Problem, Phys. Rept. 142 (1986) 357 [INSPIRE].
M.F. Atiyah and I.M. Singer, The index of elliptic operators on compact manifolds, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 69 (1969) 422 [INSPIRE].
M.F. Atiyah and I.M. Singer, The Index of elliptic operators. I, Annals Math. 87 (1968) 484 [INSPIRE].
K. Fujikawa, Path Integral for Gauge Theories with Fermions, Phys. Rev. D 21 (1980) 2848 [Erratum ibid. 22 (1980) 1499] [INSPIRE].
G. Grilli di Cortona, E. Hardy, J. Pardo Vega and G. Villadoro, The QCD axion, precisely, JHEP 01 (2016) 034 [arXiv:1511.02867] [INSPIRE].
Z. Huang, The Measure of strong CP-violation, Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 270 [hep-ph/9209235] [INSPIRE].
G. ‘t Hooft, Computation of the Quantum Effects Due to a Four-Dimensional Pseudoparticle, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 3432 [Erratum ibid. 18 (1978) 2199] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Flynn and L. Randall, A Computation of the Small Instanton Contribution to the Axion Potential, Nucl. Phys. B 293 (1987) 731 [INSPIRE].
C.W. Bernard, Gauge Zero Modes, Instanton Determinants, and QCD Calculations, Phys. Rev. D 19 (1979) 3013 [INSPIRE].
C. Csáki and H. Murayama, Instantons in partially broken gauge groups, Nucl. Phys. B 532 (1998) 498 [hep-th/9804061] [INSPIRE].
W.A. Bardeen, Instanton Triggered Chiral Symmetry Breaking, the U(1) Problem and a Possible Solution to the Strong CP Problem, arXiv:1812.06041 [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer, M. Neubert, S. Renner, M. Schnubel and A. Thamm, The Low-Energy Effective Theory of Axions and ALPs, JHEP 04 (2021) 063 [arXiv:2012.12272] [INSPIRE].
L. Calibbi, F. Goertz, D. Redigolo, R. Ziegler and J. Zupan, Minimal axion model from flavor, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 095009 [arXiv:1612.08040] [INSPIRE].
Y. Ema, K. Hamaguchi, T. Moroi and K. Nakayama, Flaxion: a minimal extension to solve puzzles in the standard model, JHEP 01 (2017) 096 [arXiv:1612.05492] [INSPIRE].
J. Martin Camalich, M. Pospelov, P.N.H. Vuong, R. Ziegler and J. Zupan, Quark Flavor Phenomenology of the QCD Axion, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 015023 [arXiv:2002.04623] [INSPIRE].
M. Shifman, Advanced topics in quantum field theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. (2012) [DOI].
M. Gell-Mann, R.J. Oakes and B. Renner, Behavior of current divergences under SU(3) × SU(3), Phys. Rev. 175 (1968) 2195 [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel and A. Ringwald, The Low-Energy Frontier of Particle Physics, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 60 (2010) 405 [arXiv:1002.0329] [INSPIRE].
S. Alekhin et al., A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case, Rept. Prog. Phys. 79 (2016) 124201 [arXiv:1504.04855] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel and M. Spannowsky, Probing MeV to 90 GeV axion-like particles with LEP and LHC, Phys. Lett. B 753 (2016) 482 [arXiv:1509.00476] [INSPIRE].
J. Redondo, Bounds on Very Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles (WISPs) from Cosmology and Astrophysics, in 4th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, Hamburg Germany, June 18–21 2008, pp. 23–26 [DOI] [arXiv:0810.3200] [INSPIRE].
D. Cadamuro and J. Redondo, Cosmological bounds on pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons, JCAP 02 (2012) 032 [arXiv:1110.2895] [INSPIRE].
Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier,in Workshop on Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier Rockville U.S.A, 30 November–2 December 2011 [DOI] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel, M. Jankowiak and M. Spannowsky, LHC probes the hidden sector, Phys. Dark Univ. 2 (2013) 111 [arXiv:1212.3620] [INSPIRE].
K. Mimasu and V. Sanz, ALPs at Colliders, JHEP 06 (2015) 173 [arXiv:1409.4792] [INSPIRE].
A. Payez, C. Evoli, T. Fischer, M. Giannotti, A. Mirizzi and A. Ringwald, Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles, JCAP 02 (2015) 006 [arXiv:1410.3747] [INSPIRE].
M. Millea, L. Knox and B. Fields, New Bounds for Axions and Axion-Like Particles with keV-GeV Masses, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 023010 [arXiv:1501.04097] [INSPIRE].
J. Jaeckel, P.C. Malta and J. Redondo, Decay photons from the axionlike particles burst of type-II supernovae, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 055032 [arXiv:1702.02964] [INSPIRE].
CAST collaboration, New CAST Limit on the Axion-Photon Interaction, Nature Phys. 13 (2017) 584 [arXiv:1705.02290] [INSPIRE].
M. Bauer, M. Neubert and A. Thamm, Collider Probes of Axion-Like Particles, JHEP 12 (2017) 044 [arXiv:1708.00443] [INSPIRE].
R.S. Bedi, T. Gherghetta and M. Pospelov, Enhanced EDMs from small instantons, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 015030 [arXiv:2205.07948] [INSPIRE].
H. Leutwyler and A.V. Smilga, Spectrum of Dirac operator and role of winding number in QCD, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 5607 [INSPIRE].
C.G. Callan Jr., R.F. Dashen and D.J. Gross, The Structure of the Gauge Theory Vacuum, Phys. Lett. B 63 (1976) 334 [INSPIRE].
C.G. Callan Jr., R.F. Dashen and D.J. Gross, Toward a Theory of the Strong Interactions, Phys. Rev. D 17 (1978) 2717 [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2207.08740
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Kivel, A., Laux, J. & Yu, F. Supersizing axions with small size instantons. J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 88 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2022)088
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2022)088