Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and onion-like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles were synthesized from natural graphite powder and candle soot, respectively, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The lubricating performances of GO and OLC as lubricant additives in water were comparatively evaluated using a ball-on-disc tribometer. The effects of sand blasting of a steel disc on its morphology and tribological property were evaluated. The results show that the two nanomaterials, GO and OLC, when used as lubricant additives in water effectively reduce the friction and wear of the sliding discs, which is independent of the disc surface treatment. On applying heavy loads, it is observed that GO exhibits superior friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities compared to those of OLC—a trace amount of GO can achieve a lubricating ability equivalent to that of an abundant amount of OLC. Furthermore, it is observed that sand blasting cannot improve the wear resistance of the treated steel disc, even though the hardness of the disc increased after the treatment. The possible anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanisms of the GO and OLC as lubricant additives in water are discussed based on results for the wear surfaces obtained by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ma H B, Li J, Chen H, Zuo G Z, Yu Y, Ren T H, Zhao Y D. XPS and XANES characteristics of tribofilms and thermal films generated by two P- and/or S-containing additives in water-based lubricant. Tribology International42(6): 940–945 (2009)
Wang W, Xie G X, Luo J B. Black phosphorus as a new lubricant. Friction6(1): 116–142 (2018)
Amann T, Gatti F, Oberle N, Kailer A, Rühe J. Galvanically induced potentials to enable minimal tribochemical wear of stainless steel lubricated with sodium chloride and ionic liquid aqueous solution. Friction6(2): 230–242 (2018)
Golchin A, Wikner A, Emami N. An investigation into tribological behaviour of multi-walled carbon nanotube/graphene oxide reinforced UHMWPE in water lubricated contacts. Tribology International95: 156–161 (2016)
Peng Y T, Hu Y Z, Wang H. Tribological behaviors of surfactant-functionalized carbon nanotubes as lubricant additive in water. Tribology Letters25(3): 247–253 (2006)
Kinoshita H, Nishina Y, Alias A A, Fujii M. Tribological properties of monolayer graphene oxide sheets as waterbased lubricant additives. Carbon66: 720–723 (2014)
Elomaa O, Singh V K, Iyer A, Hakala T J, Koskinen J. Graphene oxide in water lubrication on diamond-like carbon vs. stainless steel high-load contacts. Diamond and Related Materials52: 43–48 (2015)
Ye X Y, Ma L M, Yang Z G, Wang J Q, Wang H G, Yang S R. Covalent Functionalization of Fluorinated Graphene and Subsequent Application as Water-based Lubricant Additive. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces8(11): 7483–7488 (2016)
Liu Y H, Wang X K, Pan G S, Luo J B. A comparative study between graphene oxide and diamond nanoparticles as water-based lubricating additives. Science China Technological Sciences56(1): 152–157 (2012)
Song H J, Li N. Frictional behavior of oxide graphene nanosheets as water-base lubricant additive. Applied Physics A105(4): 827–832 (2011)
Jiang L W, Wang Z H, Geng D Y, Lin Y M, Wang Y, An J, He J, Li D, Liu W, Zhang Z D. Structure and electromagnetic properties of both regular and defective onion-like carbon nanoparticles. Carbon95: 910–918 (2015)
Liu X G, Or S W, Jin C G, Lv Y H, Feng C, Sun Y P. NiO/C nanocapsules with onion-like carbon shell as anode material for lithium ion batteries. Carbon60: 215–220 (2013)
Pech D, Brunet M, Durou H, Huang P H, Mochalin V, Gogotsi Y, Tabera P L, Simon P. Ultrahigh-power micrometresized supercapacitors based on onion-like carbon. Nature Nanotechnology5(9): 651–654 (2010)
Bushueva E G, Galkin P S, Okotrub A V, Bulusheva L G, Gavrilov N N, Kuznetsov V L, Moiseekov, S L. Double layer supercapacitor properties of onion-like carbon materials. Physica Status Solidi B245(10): 2296–2299 (2008)
Su D S, Maksimova N I, Mestl G, Kuznetsov V L, Keller V, Schlögl R, Keller Nicolas. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over ultra-dispersed diamond and onion-like carbon. Carbon45(11): 2145–2151 (2007)
Kuznetsov V L, Butenko Y V, Chuvilin A L, Romanenko A I, Okotrub A V. Electrical resistivity of graphitized ultradisperse diamond and onion-like carbon. Chemical Physics Letters336(5–6): 397–404 (2001)
Matsumoto N, Mistry K K, Kim J H, Eryilmaz O L, Erdemir A, Kinoshita H, Ohmae N. Friction reducing properties of onion-like carbon based lubricant under high contact pressure. Tribology—Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces6(3): 116–120 (2013)
Joly-Pottuz L, Bucholz E W, Matsumoto N, Phillpot S R, Sinnott S B, Ohmae N, Matin J M. Friction Properties of Carbon Nano-Onions from Experiment and Computer Simulations. Tribology Letters37(1): 75–81 (2009)
Yao Y L, Wang X M, Guo J J, Yang X W, Xu B S. Tribological property of onion-like fullerenes as lubricant additive. Materials Letters62(16): 2524–2527 (2008)
Joly-Pottuz L, Matsumoto N, Kinoshita H, Vacher B, Belin M, Montagnac G, Matin J M, Ohmae N. Diamond-derived carbon onions as lubricant additives. Tribology International41(2): 69–78 (2008)
Joly-Pottuz L, Vacher B, Ohmae N, Martin J M, Epicier T. Anti-wear and friction reducing mechanisms of carbon nano-onions as lubricant additives. Tribology Letters30(1): 69–80 (2008)
Hirata A, Igarashi M, Kaito T. Study on solid lubricant properties of carbon onions produced by heat treatment of diamond clusters or particles. Tribology International37(11–12): 899–905 (2004)
Wei J X, Cai M R, Zhou F, Liu W M. Candle soot as particular lubricant additives. Tribology Letters53(3): 521–531 (2014)
Nouveau C, Labidi C, Collet R, Benlatreche Y, Djouadi M A. Effect of surface finishing such as sand-blasting and CrAlN hard coatings on the cutting edge’s peeling tools’ wear resistance. Wear267(5–8): 1062–1067(2009)
Guan X S, Dong Z F, Li D Y. Surface nanocrystallization by sand blasting and annealing for improved mechanical and tribological properties. Nanotechnology16: 2963–2971 (2005)
Wu T-T, Ting J-M. Preparation and characteristics of graphene oxide and its thin films. Surface and Coatings Technology231: 487–491 (2013)
Hummers Jr W S, Offeman R E. Preparation of graphitic oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society80(6): 1339–1339 (1958)
Meng Y, Su F H, Chen Y Z. A Novel Nanomaterial of graphene oxide dotted with Ni nanoparticles produced by supercritical CO2-assisted deposition for reducing friction and wear. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces7(21): 11604–11612 (2015)
Choucair M, Stride J A. The gram-scale synthesis of carbon onions. Carbon50(3): 1109–1115 (2012)
Eda G, Chhowalla M. Chemically derived graphene oxide: towards large-area thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. Advanced Materials22(22): 2392–2415 (2010)
He C N, Zhao N Q, Shi C S, Du X W, Li J J, Cui L. A practical method for the production of hollow carbon onion particles. Journal of Alloys and Compounds425(1–2): 329–333 (2006)
Baraket M, Walton S G, Wei Z, Lock E H, Robinson J T, Sheehan P. Reduction of graphene oxide by electron beam generated plasmas produced in methane/argon mixtures. Carbon48 (12): 3382–3390 (2010)
Krishnamoorthy K, Veerapandian M, Mohan R, Kim S-J. Investigation of Raman and photoluminescence studies of reduced graphene oxide sheets. Applied Physics A106(3): 501–506 (2011)
Krishnamoorthy K, Veerapandian M, Yun K, Kim S J. The chemical and structural analysis of graphene oxide with different degrees of oxidation. Carbon53: 38–49 (2013)
Jiang X P, Wang X Y, Li J X, Li D Y, Man C S, Shepard M J, Zhai T. Enhancement of fatigue and corrosion properties of pure Ti by sandblasting. Materials Science and Engineering A429(1–2): 30–35 (2006)
Wang J Z, Yan F Y, Xue Q J. Tribological behavior of PTFE sliding against steel in sea water. Wear267(9–10): 1634–1641 (2009)
Barros E B, Demir N S, Souza Filho A G, Mendes Filho J, Jorio A, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S. Raman spectroscopy of graphitic foams. Physical Review B71(16): 165422 (2005)
Yoshida A, Kaburagi Y, Hishiyama Y. Full width at half maximum intensity of the G band in the first order Raman spectrum of carbon material as a parameter for graphitization. Carbon44(11): 2333–2335 (2006)
Wu Y Y, Tsui W C, Liu T C. Experimental analysis of tribological properties of lubricating oils with nanoparticle additives. Wear262(7–8): 819–825 (2007)
Bucholz E W, Phillpot S R, Sinnott S B. Molecular dynamics investigation of the lubrication mechanism of carbon nanoonions. Computational Materials Science54: 91–96 (2012)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21473061), the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 2015A030306026), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City (No. 201707010055).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Fenghua SU. He received his PhD degree from Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2007. He joined School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology from 2007. His current position is a professor of South China University of Technology. At present, his research areas cover the application of the advanced materials in tribology, interfacial phenomenon of mechanical components, and advanced manufacturing technology. He has published more than 60 SCI papers in various reputed journals such as Small, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Scientific Reports, Tribology International, etc. The published papers have been cited over 1,000 times by other decent SCI publications in the past a few years.
Rights and permissions
Open Access: The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Su, F., Chen, G. & Huang, P. Lubricating performances of graphene oxide and onion-like carbon as water-based lubricant additives for smooth and sand-blasted steel discs. Friction 8, 47–57 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0237-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0237-3