Abstract
The thermal shock of subsurface material with shear instability and severe plastic flow during scuffing was investigated. The scuffing damage of M50 steel was tested using a high-speed rolling—sliding contact test rig, and the transient temperature during scuffing was calculated using the Fourier transform method considering the effects of both frictional heat and plastic work. The results show that a thermal shock with a rapid rise and subsequent rapid decrease in the contact temperature is generated in the subsurface layers. The frictional power intensity generates a high temperature rise, leading to the austenitization of the subsurface material. Consequently, the plastic flow is generated in the subsurface layer under the high shear stress, and the resulting plastic strain energy generates a further temperature increase. Subsequently, a rapid decrease in the contact temperature quenches the material, resulting in clear shear slip bands and retained austenite in the subsurface layers of the M50 steel.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
Contact radius
- B j :
-
Gauss—Hermite integration coefficients
- c :
-
Specific heat capacity of the material
- C j :
-
Gauss—Hermite integration coefficients
- C VP :
-
Lubricant viscosity pressure coefficient
- C VT :
-
Lubricant viscosity temperature coefficient
- D min :
-
Minimum lubricant film thickness
- E T :
-
Tangential modulus
- G e :
-
Material-dependent parameter of the oil film thickness
- G j :
-
Gauss—Hermite integration function
- h :
-
Characteristic depth of the plastic deformation layer
- H :
-
Normalized characteristic depth of the plastic deformation layer, \({h \over {2a}}\)
- k :
-
Heat conduction of the material
- k e :
-
Ellipticity ratio
- K s1 :
-
Normalized coefficient, \({{2a\beta {\gamma _0}n{{\left({\mu {p_{\max}}} \right)}^{1/n + 1}}} \over {\tau _0^{1/n}{q_0}{t_0}\left({n + 1} \right)}}\)
- K s2 :
-
Normalized coefficient, \({{2a\beta {{\left({\mu {p_{\max}}} \right)}^2}} \over {{q_0}{t_0}{E_{\rm{T}}}}}\)
- M si :
-
Parameter in the Fourier transform equations, \({{{K_{{\rm{s}}i}}} \over {4{P_{\rm{e}}}}}\)
- m :
-
Fitting value for the material properties
- n :
-
Work hardening coefficient
- p max :
-
Maximum contact pressure
- p scuffing :
-
Hertzian contact pressure at scuffing
- P e :
-
Peclet number
- q :
-
Frictional power intensity
- q 0 :
-
Maximum frictional power intensity
- Q* :
-
Normalized frictional power intensity, \({q \over {{q_0}}}\)
- r :
-
Radius of disk 1 in axial direction
- R :
-
Radius of the disk in rolling direction
- R a :
-
Surface roughness of the disk
- s :
-
Normalized shear stress, \({{{\tau _{\rm{s}}}} \over {\mu {p_{\max}}}}\)
- t 0 :
-
Contact time
- T b :
-
Maximum bulk temperature during scuffing
- T max :
-
Maximum surface temperature
- T friction :
-
Temperature rise caused by frictional work
- T plastic :
-
Temperature rise caused by plastic work
- U :
-
Rolling velocity, (U1 + U2)/2
- U e :
-
Lubricant entrainment velocity
- v :
-
Sliding velocity, U1 − U2
- V oil :
-
Lubricant viscosity
- w :
-
Parameter in the Fourier transform equations, −iϑ4Pe
- W e :
-
Load-dependent parameter of the oil film thickness
- ϕ :
-
Normalized temperature, \({{Tk} \over {2a{q_0}}}\)
- ϕ F :
-
Fourier-transformed temperature, \(\int_{- \infty}^\infty {\phi (\psi){\rm{exp}}\left({i\vartheta \psi} \right){\rm{d}}\psi} \)
- ϑ :
-
Fourier transform coefficient
- ψ :
-
Normalized time, \({t \over {{t_0}}}\)
- η :
-
Normalized depth, \({z \over {2a}}\)
- α :
-
Partition coefficient of the frictional heat
- β :
-
Fraction of the rate of plastic work dissipated as heat
- γ :
-
Plastic shear strain
- γ 0 :
-
Fitting value for the material properties dependent on the initial plastic strain
- ρ :
-
Density of the disk
- ρ oil :
-
Lubricant density
- μ :
-
Friction coefficient
- λ :
-
Lambda ratio
- τ :
-
Shear stress
- τ s :
-
Shear stress on the contact surface
- τ 0 :
-
Material property parameter dependent on the shear strength
- ω :
-
Rotating velocity of the disk
- θ :
-
Heat generation rate induced by the plastic work
- j = 1, 2, 3:
-
Gauss—Hermite integration numbers
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the funding from the National Key R&D Program (No. 2018YFB 2000301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1737204), and the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51571003).
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Chuanwei ZHANG. He is an associate professor in Harbin Institute of Technology, China, now. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2015 from Harbin Institute of Technology. From 2012 to 2014, he was invited to visit the University of California, San Diego, USA, as a research assistant. He was promoted to an assistant professor in 2015 and then to an associate professor in 2019 at Harbin Institute of Technology. He is a member of the Youth Working Committee of Tribology Institute of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society. His interested research areas include theory of contact mechanism, thermodynamics and lubrication technology, and anti-damage design of rolling element bearing.
Dezhi ZHENG. He is an associate professor in Harbin Institute of Technology, China, now. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2002 from Harbin Institute of Technology. From 2010 to 2011, he was invited to the University of Cincinnati, USA, as a visiting scholar. His interested research areas include dynamic characteristics of rolling bearings and rotors, monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, and analysis and experimental studies of rolling bearings.
Le GU. He is a professor in Harbin Institute of Technology, China, now. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2003 from Harbin Institute of Technology. From 2011 to 2012, he was invited to the University of California, San Diego, USA, as a visiting scholar. He is a member of Tribology Institute of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society. His interested research areas include lubrication design and life prediction of key basic parts, engineering tribological design, and bearing and sealing technology. He was awarded the second prize of National Technology Invention Award and the first prize of Young Teacher Award by Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation.
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Zhang, C., Zhai, H., Sun, D. et al. Thermal shock of subsurface material with plastic flow during scuffing. Friction 11, 64–75 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0573-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0573-6